设x,y,z,w是非零实数,求(xy+2yz+zw)/(x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2)的最大值.
问题描述:
设x,y,z,w是非零实数,求(xy+2yz+zw)/(x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2)的最大值.
答
本题解法较多,以下举二个解法:
解法一:
设α、β、γ>0,
则依基本不等式得
α²x²+y²≥2αxy,
β²y²+z²≥2βyz,
γ²z²+ω²≥2γzω.
∴xy+2yz+zω
≤(α/2)x²+(1/2α+β)y²+(1/β+γ/2)z²+(1/2γ)ω².
令α/2=1/2α+β=1/β+γ/2=1/2γ,
解得,α=√2+1.
∴(xy+2yz+zω)/(x²+y²+z²+ω²)≤(√2+1)/2.
而取等时,有x=ω=1,y=ω=√2+1.
故所求最大值为:(√2+1)/2.
解法二:
依柯西不等式得
xy+2yz+zω
=(xy+zω)+(yz-xω)+(yz+xω)
≤√2·√[(xy+zω)²+(yz-xω)²]+√[(y²+x²)(z²+ω²)]
=√2·√[(x²+z²)(y²+ω²)]+√[(y²+x²)(z²+ω²)]
=√2·[(x²+z²)+(y²+ω²)]/2+[(x²+y²)+(z²+ω²)]/2
=[(√2+1)/2]·(x²+y²+z²+ω²)
∴(xy+2yz+zω)/(x²+y²+z²+ω²)≤(√2+1)/2.
故所求最大值为:(√2+1)/2.
此外,还可用判别式法等解答.