等差数列{an}的各项均为正整数,a1=3,前n项和为Sn,等比数列{bn}中,b1=1,且b2S2=64,{ban}是公比为64的等比数列.(1)求{an}与{bn};(2)证明:1/S1+1/S2+…+1/Sn<3/4.

问题描述:

等差数列{an}的各项均为正整数,a1=3,前n项和为Sn,等比数列{bn}中,b1=1,且b2S2=64,{ban}是公比为64的等比数列.
(1)求{an}与{bn};
(2)证明:

1
S1
+
1
S2
+…+
1
Sn
3
4

(1)设{an}的公差为d,{bn}的公比为q,则d为正整数,an=3+(n-1)d,bn=qn-1
依题意有

ban+1
ban
=
q2+nd
q2+(n-1)d
=qd=64,且S2b2=(6+d)q=64,①
由(6+d)q=64知q为正有理数,故d为6的因子1,2,3,6之一,
解①得d=2,q=8
故an=3+2(n-1)=2n+1,bn=8n-1
(2)Sn=3+5+…+(2n+1)=n(n+2)
1
S1
+
1
S2
+…+
1
Sn
=
1
1×3
+
1
2×4
+
1
3×5
+…+
1
n(n+2)
=
1
2
(1-
1
3
+
1
2
-
1
4
+
1
3
-
1
5
+…+
1
n
-
1
n+2
)
=
1
2
(1+
1
2
-
1
n+1
-
1
n+2
)<
3
4