如图所示的电路中,R1=R2=R3=3Ω,R4=6Ω,UAB=12V,求: (1)当S断开时,通过R1的电流为多少? (2)当S闭合后,R1两端的电压为多少?R3消耗的功率是多少?
问题描述:
如图所示的电路中,R1=R2=R3=3Ω,R4=6Ω,UAB=12V,求:
(1)当S断开时,通过R1的电流为多少?
(2)当S闭合后,R1两端的电压为多少?R3消耗的功率是多少?
答
(1)当S断开时,R2、R3串联后与R1并联,再与R4串联,接入电源,
并联部分电阻R=
=
R1(R2+R3)
R1+R2+R3
=2Ω,18 9
则并联部分的电压U=
=RUAB
R+R4
×12=3V,2 8
则通过R1的电流I1=
=U R1
=1A,3 3
(2)当S闭合后,R3、R4并联后与R1串联,再与R2并联,
R3、R4并联电阻R′=
=
R3R4
R3+R4
=2Ω,3×6 3+6
则R1两端的电压为U′=
=
R1UAB
R1+R′
=7.2V,3×12 5
R3、R4并联部分电压U并=UAB-U′=12-7.2=4.8V,
R3消耗的功率P=
=U并2 R3
=7.68W4.82
3
答:(1)当S断开时,通过R1的电流为1A;
(2)当S闭合后,R1两端的电压为7.2V,R3消耗的功率是7.68W.