证明对於所有自然数n,n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被12整除
问题描述:
证明对於所有自然数n,n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被12整除
答
一个数被3除的余数有3种可能:0、1、2
(1)若n被3除余0,则n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被3整除;
(2)若n被3除余1,则可设n=3r+1(r为自然数),则n+2=3(r+1),推出 n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被3整除;
(3)若n被3除余2,则可设n=3r+2(r为自然数),则n+1=3(r+1),推出 n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被3整除;
总之,n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被3整除.
显然4个连续自然数中必有2个偶数,它们相乘能被4整除,于是n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)也能被4整除.
由于3和4互质,所以n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被12整除.
这道题不需要用数学归纳法~
如果硬要用数学归纳法么
(1)当n=1时, n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)=12,能被12整除;
(2)假设当n=k时,n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)=k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3),能被12整除,
那么当n=k+1时,n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)=(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)(k+4)=k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)+4(k+1)(k+2)(k+3),
由前一种证法可以看出,连续3个自然数中必有一个为3的倍数,故4(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)能被12整除,又由假设k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)能被12整除,得出k(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)+4(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)能被12整除.
所以对于任意的n, n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)能被12整除.