英语翻译

英语翻译
Fifty-six percent of the claims received compensation,at an average of $485,348 (median,$206,400) per paid claim.Fifteen percent of the claims were decided by trial verdict.The awards in verdicts for the plaintiff on average were nearly twice the size of payments made outside of court ($799,365 vs.$462,099).However,plaintiffs rarely won damages at trial,prevailing in only 21 percent of verdicts as compared with 61 percent of claims resolved out of court.Administrative (or overhead) costs associated with defending the claims averaged $52,521 per claim,with the mean administrative costs for claims that were resolved by trial ($112,968) nearly three times those for claims resolved out of court ($42,015).
Relationship between Error and Compensation
Sixty-three percent of the injuries were judged to be the result of error (Figure 1).Most claims involving injuries due to error received compensation (653 of 889 ),and most claims that did not involve errors (370 of 515 ) or injuries (31 of 37 ) did not.Overall,73 percent (1054 of 1441) of all claims for which determinations of merit were made had outcomes concordant with their merit.Discordant outcomes in the remaining 27 percent of claims consisted of three types:payment in the absence of documented injury (6 of 1441 ),payment in the absence of error (10 percent),and no payment in the presence of error (16 percent).Thus,nonpayment of claims with merit occurred more frequently than did payment of claims that were not associated with errors or injuries.All results hereafter relate to the subsample of 1404 claims that involved injuries and for which determinations of error were made.
Figure 1.Overview of the Relationship among Claims,Injuries,Errors,and Outcomes of Litigation.
For claims classified as involving dignitary injury only,a breach of informed consent was the only injury alleged in the claim.Five of these claims resulted in payment.
Confidence in Judgments Regarding Error
Reviewers had a high level of confidence in the determination of error in 44 percent of claims (those receiving scores of 1 or 6) and a moderate level of confidence in 30 percent (those receiving scores of 2 or 5); the remaining 23 percent were deemed "close calls" (Figure 2).More than half the claims that were classified as not involving error had little or no evidence of error.The probability of payment increased monotonically with reviewers' confidence that an error had occurred.
Figure 2.Determinations of Error According to Confidence Level and Payment Status.
The 1404 claims exclude the 9 that were associated with dignitary injuries only,the 37 with no injuries,and the 2 for which no judgments regarding error were made.