求英语时态具体用法

1 一般现在时
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.
The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中. Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.
I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.
再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.
第二句中的now是进行时的标志,
表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.
2 一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等.
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了. It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了.
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事' I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等.
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些.
比较： 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在.
Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间.)
Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意： 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.
1） 动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等.
Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would. Could you lend me your bike?
3 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替.
will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称.
Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来.
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事. What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事. The play is going to be produced next month.
c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事.
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事.
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用.
4 一般现在时表将来
1） 下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来.
这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2）倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3) 或条件句中. When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后.
I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
5 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系.动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态.
其构成：have (has) +过去分词.
& 比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响.
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语.
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, this morning, tonight,现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, already, recently
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等.
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了.）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了.）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争.）
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了.She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了.
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为.)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时.
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
6 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成.
2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时；发生在后,用一般过去时. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,
用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
7 将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念 a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态.b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一获得的经验.
They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
8 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情. We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态.)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等.
The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,
往往带有说话人的主观色彩. You are always changing your mind.