什么是行为动词,情感动词,连系动词,助动词?
什么是行为动词,情感动词,连系动词,助动词?
一.按照作用和用途,英语动词可分为三类:行为动词、be动词、助动词.
行为动词表示动作,be动词表示状态,助动词没有实际词意,只起语法作用.
e.g.I went there yesterday.(went表示“去”这个动作,因此为行为动词)
I am a student.(be动词“am” 表示状态,强调我的学生身份)
I did not help him.(did 在这里没有实际词意,只不过为了否定句子必须借用它,因此它是助动词)
简而言之,行为动词就是表示动作的动词.它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种.
二.我想应该是情态动词而不是情感动词.情态动词的语法特征
1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生.
2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式.
3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s.
4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式.
三.连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语.
表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样.
一、 连系动词的类型有:
1."存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在".常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等.例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2."持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续.这类连系动词强调"持续".常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等.例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter?
3."变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态.这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变得)等.例如:
Put the fish in the fridge,or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事项
1.有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中.如:feel,taste等词.例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes,it feels very soft.
2.一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语.例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may get run over by a car.
3.能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be,become,appear,seem,prove,remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词.例如:
Twenty years later,he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4.连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear,seem,remain,prove,look等.例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey,Peter proved to be a most interesting guide.We all had a wonderful time
四.1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb).被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb).
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语.
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a.表示时态,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌.
He has got married.他已结婚.
b.表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England.他被派往英国.
c.构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him.我不喜欢他.
e.加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会.
He did know that.他的确知道那件事.
3) 最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would