过去式和过去分词的不同?

过去式在一般过去时里用.过去分词的话是用在现在完成时和被动语态,以及他们变化的形式,如果现在完成时的被动语态等等.只要记得基本用法就行了,其他的举一反三.如果现在完成时,是用have/has+done/been 这里的done和been,分别是do 和be 的过去分词了.
被动语态:be +动词的过去分词.如: The little boy was saved by
the policeman.这里的was + saved就是被动语态了,只不过事情发生在过去我们用was了就是be 的过去分词来表示事情已经发生了.
但整个句子的结构是被动语态,你只要记住在被动语态和完成时(包括过去完成时,现在完成时,将来完成时)里用过去分词就行了.
不规则动词过去式和过去分词
A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut
put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set
hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt
read---read----read 读音 /e/
lie---lied---lied 说谎
lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋
lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是〔 :t〕
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought
buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught
2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词.
get----got----got sell----sold----sold
tell----told----told
3. 动词原形中i为a, … sit----sat----sat
spit----spat----spat
4. 动词原形中i为o, … win----won----won shine----shone/
shined----shone / shined
5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood
understand----understood----understood
6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,… say----said----said
pay----paid----paid
7. a）动词原形中的d为t,… send----sent----sent
lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built
b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , … smell----smelt----smelt
lose----lost----lost
c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt
mean----meant----meant 读音/e/
d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/
feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept
sweep---swept----swept
keep---- kept----- kept
其它meet----met----met have----had----had
hold----held----held
make----made----made dig----dug----dug
hear----heard----heard
find----found----found hang----hung ----hung
C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come run----ran----run
become----became----become
D. 原形,过去式, 和 过去分词完全不同
1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词．
begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk
ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung
2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词．
blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown
know---knew---known
throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown (
和以上相似)
3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类．
a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词．
drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen
write---wrote---written (双写t )
ride----rode----ridden (双写d )
b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词．
speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen
break----broke----broken
c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词．
wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten （双写t,加en ）
d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten
fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seen
take----took----taken
mistake---- mistook----- mistaken
hide----hid----hidden （双写d ）
E. 没有过去分词的动词
can ----- could － may---- might － shall---- should－ will
---- would －
其它
am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been
do-----did----- done
draw-----drew----- drawn／ :／ go-----went----- gone
show----showed----shown
wear--- wore ---- worn
不规则动词的过去式 （初二）
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点.同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下：
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式.过去分词不变．如：
become—became, come—came
2．把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式.如：
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
,sink—sank,
3．把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式.如：
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote
4．动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式.如：
get—got,forget—forgot
5．动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式.如：
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式.如：
stand—stood,understand—understood
7．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew,变成过去式.如：
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw（动词show除外,show—showed）
8．动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式.如：
break—broke,speak—spoke
9．动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式.如：
sell—sold,tell—told
10．以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式.如：
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式.如：
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变.如：
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,
mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕, dream—dreamt 〔dremt〕
13．动词的过去式与动词原形一样.如：
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,
put—put,read—read〔red〕,set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式.如：
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined
smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式.如：
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,
feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have ／has— had,hide—hid,
hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—
might,run—ran,see—saw, smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,
wear—wore
When的用法：
when可作疑问副词,也可作连接词引导多种从句,在多项语法中都有涉及,也是高考的重点.下文是对when用法的总结.
1.引导特殊疑问句,可译为“什么时候”
When do you think the patient can be operated on?你认为应该什么时候给病人做手术?
2.可引导不定式短语做主语或宾语
Ask him when to open the red wine.问问他什么时候打开红酒.
When to put the new school to use will be announced tonight.新学校什么时候投入使用将在今晚宣布.
3.可引导限定性和非限定性定语从句,修饰主句中表时间的先行词,并在从句中做状语.
There will be one day when the impossible today may become possible.(限定性定语从句)将来会有一天今天不可能的也许会成为可能.
We will put off the picnic until next week,when the weather maybe better.(非限定性定语从句)我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时候天气可能会好一些.
4.引导名词性从句
1)引导主语从句
When the foreign friends will arrive is not known yet.外国朋友什么时候到还不知道.
2)引导宾语从句
Lily is asking when she can go back to her hometown again.莉莉问她什么时候可以再回家乡.
3)引导表语从句
That was when I was thirteen.那是我十三岁时候的事了.
4)引导同位语从句
Can you answer the question when Penicillin was discovered?你能回答这和问题吗———盘尼西林是什么时候被发现的?
注意：when引导的主语从句有时会用形式主语it代替When the foreign friends will arrive is not known yet.=It is not known yet when the foreign friends will arrive.
5.引导时间状语从句,可译为“当…时候”,本文开始课文句子中的when即为此用法.
When he got up,he felt dizzy.当起身时他感到头晕.
When he looked back,the woman had disappeared.当他回头看时,那个女人已消失踪迹了.
6.when引导从句的特例：
1)表示突然发生某事或紧接着发生某事,常可译为“…还没/刚刚…就…”,“…正在…忽然…”或“正要…这时…”,主要用于“had done…when…,be doing…when…和be about to do…when…”这三个句式
I had hardly opened the door when the man hit me.我刚打开门,那个人就打了我一拳.
I was reading a book attentively when an old friend came to see me.我正在全神贯注地读一本书,忽然一位老友来访.
I was about to swim in the river when the guide told me there was man-eating fish in it.我正要下河游泳这时导游告诉我河里有食人鱼.
2)表示对比,常可译为“本该/本可以…却…”
Why are you here when you should be at school?你本应在上学,怎么会在这儿?
Why did you take a taxi when you could walk here within five minutes?你本来五分钟就可以走到这儿,为什么还打的?
3)表示让步,常可译为“既然”或“在…情况下”
How can they learn anything when they spend all their time watching TV?既然他们把所有的时间都花在了看电视上,又怎么会学到东西呢?