by 、untill、 till、 to 区别

【BY】prep.
*(表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边
On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服.
*(表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候
Be here by four o'clock.
四点钟之前到这儿.
She should be back by now.
她现在应该回来了.
*(表示方向)从…中经过
They came in by the back door.
他们是由后门进来的.
*(表示方式)搭乘,通过; 抓住…; 靠,采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?
你骑车还是坐车去?
You can order tickets by telephone.
你可以用电话订票.
He seized her by the arm.
他抓住她的手臂.
Man does not live by bread alone.
人不能单靠面包生存.
They decided to raise the money by subscription.
他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项.
By temperament he was an artist.
从气质上看,他是一位画家.
They always addressed each other by their Christian name.
他们总是以教名互相称呼.
By God he's done it!
老天为证,他确实做了此事.
I did it all by myself!
我完全是靠自己做此事的.
*(表示原因)随…而来
The meeting will be held in the school hall,by permission of the headmaster.
由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行.
*(表示方位)偏于
The steamer will go west by north.
这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行.
*(表示环境)借着…光亮
They were playing cards by electric light.
他们正借着灯光打牌.
*(表示关涉)经过
I go by the house every day.
我每天都要从这栋房子经过.
*(表示程度)以…之差
We lost the match by one goal.
我们以一分之差输了比赛.
{adv.在近旁
He stole the money when no one was by.
他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了.
经过,走过
He hurried by without speaking to me.
他匆匆经过,没有跟我说话.
Excuse me,I can't get by.
抱歉,请让我过去.
保留
I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round.
我平时总存放一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝.
【UNTIL】
prep.到…为止,在…以前
conj.到…为止,在…以前,直到…才
【TILL】conj.
*直到…时(为止)
Please wait for me till I come back.
请等我回来.
I sat up till she came back.
我一直坐到她回来.
I waited till they should return.
我一直等到他们回来.
He will wait till I arrive.
他将等到我来.
He had hardly reached the station till the train arrived.
他刚到火车站,火车就进站了.
*prep.(表示时间)直到(某一时刻)
They talked till dawn.
他们一直谈到天明.
*(表示时间)直到(发生某事)
It was not till 11 o'clock that he came back last night.
昨晚直到11点他才回来.
【TO】prep.
*(表示时间)到,直到,在…到来之前,离…
The Parliament was prorogued to the tenth of February.
议会休会到二月十日.
*(表示方向)朝,往,通向
He turned to his companion before he replied.
他转身朝向他的伙伴然后回答.
*(表示状态)紧贴着,紧靠着,对着
The two lovers danced cheek to cheek.
那对情侣脸贴着脸跳舞.
*(表示对象)对,对于,对…来说
What will Doris say to it?
对此事多丽丝将怎么说呢?
(表示比较)比,相对于
The men are noodles to her.
与她相比,这些男人都是笨蛋.
(表示方位)在…方向[方位],处于…顺序
Scotland is to the north of England.
苏格兰在英格兰之北.
(表示距离)离,距离
It is ten kilometres to the station.
到车站十公里.
(表示目标)到达,直到
We came to a picturesque cottage.
我们来到一座风景如画的村落.
(表示结果)转换为,转变为,趋于
Wait until the lights change to green.
等交通灯变成绿色再走.