在限制性定语从句中that 和which都可指物 但有什么区别

．选择关系词的原则是：一看关系词指代的是“人”还是“物”；二看关系词在定语从句中的作用,即充当的句子成份.关系代词who, whom指人,分别作定语从句的主语和宾语；whose指人或物,只作定语；which指物,可作主语或宾语；that 主要指物,也可指人,可作主语或宾语.关系副词包括when, where, why,在定语从句中只能作状语,when说明时间,where说明地点,而why说明原因.
e.g. 1)The boys who are playing football on the playground are from our class.(who指the boys,作主语)2)She is the girl whom I’ve been waiting for.(whom指the girl,作宾语, 可省略)3)I often go shopping in that store whose attendants are very friendly.(whose指that store,作attendants的主语)4)The reply _____you want to get is that your plan has been rejected.5)This is a factory _____ produces color TV sets.(这两句中需填的分别指the reply和a factory,分别作宾语和主语,可用which,也可用that)6)Look at the woman and the dog _____ are walking up the street.A. which B. who C. that D. what(先行词应为the woman and the dog, 关系词应用that, 不可用which)7)Do you remember the day when we climbed up the Great Wall?(when说明时间,作状语)8)I’ve forgotten the place where I picked up the wallet.(where说明地点,作状语)9)We don’t know the reason why he wasn’t present at the meeting.(why说明原因,作状语)试将7),8),9)三句与下列10),11),12)作分析、比较.10)Do you remember the days which/that we spent in Beijing last year?11)I’ve forgotten the place which/that you talked about just now.12)he didn’t tell the teacher the reason for which he was absent yesterday.在10）句中,关系词作spent的宾语,不能用when;在11）句中,关系词作talked about的宾语,不能用where; 在13）句中,关系词作for的宾语,同样不能用why.因此,弄清关系词在定语从句中的作用是至关重要的.2．注意一些特殊形式.①在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不能用that,作宾语的whom, which不可省略.e.g. 13)John once stayed with his friend Mike, who lives in New York.14)He has a little daughter, whom he likes very much.(whom作宾语,不可省略)15)Maria has a good knowledge of computer science, which helps her a lot in her work.②在介词前置,即介词+关系代词结构中,只能用whom指人,which指物,不可用who, that.如果介词与与动词构成固定短语,一般不前置.e.g. 16)The people with whom I work are all young.17)The house in which she lives is not very large.18)The baby （whom）she is looking after is only ten months old.(此句中after与look构成固定短语,不可放到whom之前)③在下列情形中,关系代词常用that.⑴当先行词为不定代词如something, nobody等或被only, little, much, no, all, any, every修饰时；⑵当先行词被形容词*或序数词修饰时；⑶当先行词被the very, the only修饰时.e.g. 19)Do you have anything _____belongs to me?