英语的比较级、*用法最好详细一点

中考英语 形容词与副词比较级与*用法透视
一、考纲搜索：
熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和good, well, many, much 等不规则变化。
熟练运用所学句型表示两者和三者或三者以上人或事物的比较







初步掌握用much, a little等副词修饰比较等级的用法
二、真题再现
1. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)
-I think it's autumn.
A.good B.better C.best D.the best
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词为season。根据比较级与*的知识，两者之间用比较级，而三者或三者以上用*，北京有四季，因此本题应选择*。又因为形容词*前要加定冠词the，因此答案为D。
2. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)
-- Of course, the moon is.
A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词在第一句句尾，"the sun, the moon or the earth",提问的对象为三者，应该选择*。
3. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
解析：正确答案为B。该题的核心词为than，than一词是比较级的标志。
4. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
解析：正确答案为B。该题与第三题相似，核心词为than。
三、命题揭密
2006年中考对形容词与副词比较级、*的考查依然是重点内容。同学们除了要熟练掌握比较级与*最基本的形式之外，其特殊用法更是出题的热点，要重点掌握。
四、重点提示
除了最基本的形式之外，形容词的原级，比较级与*还以其它一些特别形式存在，这往往就是容易设题的地方，同学们一定要重点掌握：
1)原级有相同也有倍数
1>当比较的对象A与 B情况对比相同时，要使用以下结构：
主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词/ 副词原形+as+从句。
I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
2>原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词，表示为"为….若干倍",当与有表示倍
数比较的词在一起时候等，他们的位置是，倍数词+as…as…,或倍数词+more… than…即:
This river is twice as long as that one. 这条河的长度是那条河的两倍。
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year seven times more than automobile accidents. 吸烟对人体健康危害如此之大以致于由它所导致的人口死亡是其他事故的7倍之多。
2) 常见比较级五句型
1> Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?
Who is taller, Tom or John?
Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?
2> ~ + be + the 比较级 + of the two. (两个之中比较…的那一个，~包含在两个之中)
Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.
3> much / a lot / even / far + 比较级
A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle. 计算机比自行车贵多了。
4> "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...", 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
5> " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
3) *不一定就是第一
1> Who / Which + be +*, A, B, or C ?
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David? Tom, Jack与David三个人中谁最高？
Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car? 自行车，摩托车和汽车，哪一个最贵？
2> ~ + be + one of the +* +复数名词, 表示"最……的……之一"。
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
3> "…+ be +the + 序数词 +* +单数名词 + 范围", 表示"……是…….的第几……"。
She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我们班第二高的学生。
4> ~ + be + the * ~ that 某人 have/ has ever + 过去分词.
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书。
形容词、副词的比较级的用法既是该类语法的重点也是难点。研读历届高考题不难发现，高考对形容词和副词比较级的用法的考查涉及到了多个方面。为了便于同学们学习，下面笔者就其用法的一些重要结构作一归纳并附以练习，以期同学们对此能熟练掌握。
1.“as+adj/adv+as或not so(as)+adj/adv+as.”句型。该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和不等级比较”)。例如：
My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重。
2.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”或“as much/little(少的)+不可数名词+as”。前者描述数目上的接近，后者描述量的相近。例如：
You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。
“Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said to him.医生对他说到：“你要尽可能的多喝些水。”
3.“主语+比较级+than any other…”结构表示：主语所描述的事物比其他任何一个都……比较级形式表示*含义。例如：
Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。
注意：若比较范围不同，than后应用“any+可数名词的复数形式+其他”。例如：
China is larger that any countries in Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大。
4.诸如not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示*含义。意为：再没有比…更…的了。例如：
It is not a better idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了。
I have never heard such an interesting story.我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事了。
5.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义。例如：
This kind of car is superior in quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多(superior to意为：优于；胜过。)
Li ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁。(senior to意为：年长于；资格老于；地位高于。)
6.“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可由neither…nor…结构来改写)。例如：
I’m no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I nor you is foolish.)
7.“not more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。例如：
This book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。(相当于The book is less interesting than that one.)
8.“形容词比较级+than+形容词”，意为：与其…倒不如…。例如：
Jack is much harder than clever.与其说杰克聪明，倒不如说他学习用功。
9.would rather…than, prefer…to…, prefer to do…rather than…这三个句型表示“宁愿…而不愿…；喜欢…胜过…；宁愿做…而不愿做…”含义。虽无比较级形式，但表示比较级含义。例如：
She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。
He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。
10.“The+比较级…，the+比较级…”。该结构意为“越…，越…”。例如：
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。
11.what有时也可以表示“比较”关系，说明两种事物的相同或相似性。what的该种用法常用于书面语，用来加强修辞效果，含有比喻含义，相当于as，意为“好比…；正如…；就像…一样”。what的该类用法共有3种情况：
(1)A is to B what C is to D
Twelve is two what twenty-four is to four.十二比二就等于二十四比四。
(2)what C is to D, A is to B
What food is to the body, a book is to the mind.书籍对于思想犹如食物对于身体。
(3)what C is to D, that A is to B
What the gun is to a soldier, that the pen is to a writer.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。

形容词、副词比较级和*
Comparative degree & Superlative degree:
一、比较级构成方式：
A．adj / adv + er / est
poor→poorer→poorest fast→faster→fastest
B．词尾e + r / st
large→larger→largest fine→finer→finest
C．重读闭音节中短元音 + 辅音词尾→双写辅音词尾 + er / est.
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest
D．辅音 + y→i + er / est
dry→drier→driest angry→angrier→angriest
E．多音节形容词及副词：
more + adj / adv most + adj / adv
F．不规则变化：
good / well→better→best
bad / ill→worse→worst
many / much→more→most
little→less→least
late→later→ / latest
late→latter→last
far→farther→farthest
far→further→furthest
【用法示例】
比较级用于二者相比较，由than构成比较状语从句：
（1）笔记要点：两个相比较的主语必须相对应。
... He looks stronger than I(do).
... The climate of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing.
... My Schoolbag is larger than hers.
... The book is much more interesting than that one.
（2）笔记要点：两个形容词比较级由 and连在一起，表示“越来越……”
... It is getting colder and colder.
... She is becoming more and more beautiful
.
（3）笔记要点：这种句型结构表示“越……越……”
... The older we grow, the poorer our memory will be.
... The earlier we start, the sooner we'll get there.
（4）笔记要点：二者之比较。而Of the three girls, she is the cleverest.
... I prefer the cheaper one of the two books.
... Of the two brothers, he is the cleverer.
*构成方式：
三者或三者以上进行比较，“the + 形容词 / 副词est”。
(1)
John is the tallest of the three.
He runs fastest in our class.（副词的*the可省略）
This is the most difficult book I've read.
(2)
He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.（有than时只用比较级）
She is younger than all the other students.
测试精编
1. She is ________ than ________ .
A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we
2. Jane is ________ than Betty.
A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall
3. John's record was not so good as ________ in his team.
A. all the players B.any player's
C. other players D. any other player's
4. China is ________ country in the world.
A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest
5. Shanghai has a larger population than ________ in china.
A. any city B. all the cities C. any other city D. all other cities
用所给词的比较级、*填空：
1. The window is ________ (narrow) of the two.
2. Where is the ________ (near) bus-stop?
3. He is one of ________ (famous) Politicians.
4. Do you have any ________ (far) questions to ask?
5. Tom drives much ________ (careful) than John.
Keys to the exercises:
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C
1. the narrower 2. nearest
3. the most famous 4. further 5. more careful

单音节：
1.比较级直接加er,*加est
2.辅音字母+y结尾的,把y去掉,比较级加er,*加est
3.以不发音的e结尾的,比较级加r,*加st
4.以重读闭音节结尾的,双写尾字母,
比较级加er,*加est
多音节：
比较级加more
*加the most

两者之间又比较的意思，就用比较级
两者以上的比较，其中一个处在“最**”的位置，就用*