英语翻译

英语翻译
To recognize some of the differences between degrees of rurality,Cloke (1977) and Cloke and Edwards (1986) constructed an ‘‘index of rurality’’ for localgovernment districts in England and Wales using a range of statistics from the1971 and 1981 censuses.The indicators,including population,householdamenities,occu-pational structure,commuting patterns and the distance tourban centers,were fed into a formula that placed districts into one of five categories-extremerural,intermediate rural,intermediate non-rural,extreme non-rural and urban.Although the indices of rurality marked an improvement on simple dichotomousdefinitions,it still provokes a number of critical questions (Woods,2005:p.7).Concerning China’s rural communities development types,Unger and Chan (1999)put forward a distinct fourtype model based on relations of production throughinvestigating rural south China,i.e.,predominance of private industry,collectives,foreign industry,and no industry.