动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义的几种情况
动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义的几种情况
这一句型.这一句型中说话者考虑的是必须有人去完成某事.如:
There is a lot of work to do= There is a lot of work for sb. to do又如:There is a letter to write. = There is a letter for sb. to write.
说明:动词不定式在这一句型中作定语,它与句子的主语有动宾关系.2.用于“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”句型.但该句型中的形容词仅限表示主语的特征或性质.常见的有:
interesting ,easy, difficult, nice, good, expensive ,cheap, heavy, light, important等.如:(1)This novel is interesting to read .(2)This question is difficult to answer.(3)This kind of fish is nice to eat .
说明:在这一句型中作状语,它与句子的主语有动宾关系.如果该句型中的形容词不是说明主语的特征或性质的,句中的不定式要用被动式.如:
The papers arereadyto be signed.3.用于“主语+及物动词+宾语+ to do”句型或“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+ to do”句型.句型中的动词不定式作定语用,但它与所修饰的宾语或直接宾语却存在逻辑上的动宾关系而且句子的主语或间接宾语与不定式又有逻辑上的主谓关系.这种情况下动词不定式用to do而不用to be done表示被动.如:(1)He has a large family to support .(2)I have a lot of work to do.(3)Please giveme(间接宾语)something(直接宾语)to eat .(4)If you have nothing to do now, I can give you
(间接宾语)a novel(直接宾语)to read .4.用于“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补+ to do”句型.在这一句型中,句子的宾语正好是不定式的逻辑宾语,而不定式动作的发出者常常是句子的主语或包括主语.