介词用法口诀其中有些意思不懂请解释一下

特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用 in
特征或状态：
they found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态.
he has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好.
the house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟.
her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了.
还有一些心理短语也用in,如： in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,inrevenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等.


“介词 at、to 表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分”

介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to 表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意.

试比较下列各句：
1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来.
B.She came to me. 她向我走过来.

2.A.Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去.
B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去.

日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用 on.

例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日

但 in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用 in,at the present time 现在,at the present day 当今 则用 at.

on May Day 在“五·一”节
on winter day 在冬天
on December 12th 1950 1950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但 last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time 准时,in time 及时,等则不同.

年月日,加早午晚,of 之前 on 代 in

例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话.

收音、农场,值日 on

例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息.
talk over the radio 由无线电播音

on TV 从电视里……

hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作.
The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动.
This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍.
Who is on duty, today? 今天谁值日?
We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班.

关于、基础、靠、著论

例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.
今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告.
Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.
申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告.
You are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了.
The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的.
Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础.
The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米.(靠)
The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活.
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month．
靠月薪100 元的收入,你是买不起奢侈品的.
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food． 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗.
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷,专靠损害别人过日子.
Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着.
The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑.

On 后接 the 加上一个作名词的动词．其意义与现在分词所表达的相近.类似例子很多如：

on the march 在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the prowl 徘徊,on the move 活动中,on the scrounge 巧取豪夺(俚语),on the go 活跃,忙碌,on the lookout 注意, 警戒,on the watch 监视着.on the hop 趁不备抓住某人等等.

on the People's Democratic * 《实践论》和《矛盾论》
on the People's Democratic * 《论人民**》
“on Coalition Government”《论联合*》

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准

注：口诀中的“着”是指着火,“罢”指罢工,“偷”指偷偷地,“公”指出差、办公事；“假”指休假,“准”指准时.

例：The house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了.
The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了.
Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.
*葡萄和西瓜大量上市了.
Do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事.
I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的.
They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命.
They have been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行.
I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家.
I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告而别.
She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的.
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的.
“This lunch is on me.”“这顿午饭我付钱.”
“No. let's go Dutch.”“不,还是各付各的.”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,这事儿很容易理解.
P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来.

注：in time 是“及时”的意思.

The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达.

特定时间和“一……就”,左右 on 后动名词

例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩.(特定时间)

On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits.
一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞.
I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信.(一……就)

以及 on the left, right 向左向右,on the stair 在台阶上
特征或状态：
they found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态.
he has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好.
the house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟.
her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了.
还有一些心理短语也用in,如： in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,inrevenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等.

“介词 at、to 表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分”

介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to 表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意.

试比较下列各句：
1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来.
B.She came to me. 她向我走过来.

2.A.Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去.
B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去.

3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去.
B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去.


日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用 on.

例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日

但 in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用 in,at the present time 现在,at the present day 当今 则用 at.

on May Day 在“五·一”节
on winter day 在冬天
on December 12th 1950 1950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但 last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time 准时,in time 及时,等则不同.

年月日,加早午晚,of 之前 on 代 in
例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话.

收音、农场,值日 on
例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息.
talk over the radio 由无线电播音

on TV 从电视里……
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作.

关于、基础、靠、著论
例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.
今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告.
The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米
The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人依靠薪金生活.
The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑.
on the People's Democratic * 《实践论》和《矛盾论》



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