subjects of international law

国际法定义：International law consists of rules and principles which govern the relations and dealings of nations with each other.International Law,which is in most other countries referred to as Public International Law,concerns itself only with questions of rights between several nations or nations and the citizens or subjects of other nations.In contrast,Private International Law deals with controversies between private persons,natural or juridical,arising out of situations having significant relationship to more than one nation.In recent years the line between public and private international law have became increasingly uncertain.Issues of private international law may also implicate issues of public international law,and many matters of private international law nave substantial significance for the international community of nations.
作为国际法主体的国家：The law of nations is a part of the law of the United States unless there is some statute or treaty to the contrary.International law is a part of the law of the United States only for the application of its principles on questions of international rights and duties.It does not restrict the United States or any other nation from making laws governing its own territory.A State of the United States is not a "state" under international law,since the Constitution does not vest it with a capacity to conduct foreign relations.
International law impose upon the nations certain duties with respect to individuals.It is a violation of international law to treat an alien in a manner which does not satisfy the international standard of justice.However in the absence of a specific agreement an individual cannot bring the compliant.Only the state of which he is a national can complain of such a violation before an international tribunal.The state of nationality usually is not obligated to exercise this right and can decide whether to enforce it.
国际法的国际组织定义:International organizations play increasingly important role in the relationships between nations.An international organization is one that created by international agreement or which has membership consisting primary of nations.To vitalize the status of international organization of which United States is a member and facilitate their activities Congress has enacted the International Organization Immunities Act,which among other provisions defines the capacity of such organizations.