现在分词做原因状语
问题描述：
现在分词做原因状语
没有人告诉他什么时候出发,所以他来晚了.
Not having been told when to start,he came late.
可以改为
Not being told when to start,he came late.
答
现在分词做原因状语 一般都是原因发生在前 所以应该用现在分词的完成形式本句是现在分词的完成形式的被动形式作原因状语一般没有现在分词的被动形式作原因状语除非表示正在发生的被动所以Not having been told when ...不知道何时开始也是原因，为什么不用Not having known when to start，he came late.
另外 Not told when to start，he didt come.这里told是过去分词做原因状语吗纠正一下是Not knowing when to start，he didn't come.
Not told when to start，he didn't come.
其实 这两句是伴随情况非说成原因也未尝不可
用Not having known when to start，he came late.也可以 这是原因状语
但与not knowingwhen to start，he didn't come.是不同的
该句分词情况与谓语动词情况是同时存在的
否定句 可以视为 状态