求不定积分∫dx/(1+x^4)
问题描述：
求不定积分∫dx/(1+x^4)
答
∫[1/（1+x^4）]dx
= 1/2∫[(x^2+1)-(x^2-1)]/（1+x^4）dx
= 1/2 {∫(x^2+1)/(1+x^4) dx - ∫(x^2-1)/（1+x^4）dx }
= 1/2 {∫(1+1/x^2)dx /（x^2+1/x^2） - ∫(1-1/x^2)dx/（x^2+1/x^2）}
= 1/2 {∫d(x-1/x) /[(x-1/x)^2+2] - ∫d(x+1/x) /[(x+1/x)^2 -2] }
= 1/2 { 1/√2 ∫d[(x-1/x) /√2] /{[(x-1/x)/√2]^2+1} - ∫d(x+1/x) /[(x+1/x)^2 -2] }
= 1/2 { 1/√2 ∫d[(x-1/x) /√2] /{[(x-1/x)/√2]^2+1}
- 1/2√2 ∫d[(x+1/x) /√2] [ 1/{[(x+1/x)/√2] -1} - 1/{[(x+1/x)/√2] +1 }]
= √2/4*arctan[(x-1/x)/√2] - √2/8*ln|(x^2-x√2+1)/(x^2+x√2 +1)| + C
【或者,使用待定系数法,但较繁琐：】
∫[1/（1+x^4）]dx
=∫ 1/[(x^2-x√2+1)*(x^2+x√2 +1)]dx
=∫ { [ax+b]/[(x^2-x√2+1) + [cx+d]/(x^2+x√2 +1)] }dx