英语关于从句的选择题,应该怎样做?

好好学习 英语从句
文字文字从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类,即名词性从[color=skyblue][/color]、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句).引导从句的词称作关联句.
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句.引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:
从属连词that, if, whether;
连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;
连接副词where, when, why, how.
其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.
That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.
The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.
I don't know if he will attend the meeting.
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom?
你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句)
[提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末.
It's well known that water is indispensable to life.
2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末.这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下.
He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.
3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句.whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以.
I don't know whether (if) she is at home.
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等.that可省略, what则不可省.
He always means what he says.
She suggested (that) he do it at once.
5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省,一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容.
We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
如何判断各类从句呢?
答：
1．分析句子结构以区分从句的种类.遇到一个复合句,首先要分析其句子结构,看从句在整个句子中起什么作用,那么它就是什么从句.
2． 分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类.that这个词既可引导同位语从句,又可引导定语从句,这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似,如何区分呢?区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是,看that在从句中是否充当句子成分,若that在从句中不充当任何成分,则为同位语从句；若that在从句中充当主语或宾语,则为定语从句.
3． 根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类.定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词,如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等.而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词,如fact、idea、promise、truth等,用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容.状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词.
4．根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类.宾语从句分两种：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句.宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词.定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的,所以其前一定是一个名词或代词.
5．根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类.如so that即可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句,如何区分呢?主要从以下两点来区分. ①根据上下文意义判断.“以便……”表示目的,是目的状语从句,“以致于……”,“结果……”表示结果,是结果状语从句. ②从结构形式上来分辨.so that前有逗号,为结果状语从句,反之,则为目的状语从句.有时,so that前无逗号,这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词,如果有,则多是目的状语从句,若没有,则多是结果状语从句.