rather...than和 more ...than 的具体用法

A. rather than: "and not / instead of ":
1. 连接词: A well constructed plot should, therefore, be single in its issue, rather than double as some maintain. [=A well constructed plot should, therefore, be single in its issue, double as some maintain.]
2. 介系词: "diseases in which the immune system plays the villain rather than the protector" [="diseases in which the immune system plays the villain the protector....]
B. more than (形容词):超过
1. She is earning more than her husband.
2. The food is more than (what) I can eat/chew/digest...

rather than
是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：
1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如： She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：
(1) 连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2) 连接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
(4) 连接两个分句 We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
(5) 连接两个不定式 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。 注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。
(6) 连接两个动词 He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。 注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。 但还是一句话：rather than +V原形！
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英语中 more than 的用法比较复杂，它除了用于比较结构外，还可以与名词、形容词、动词或从句等连用，表达不同的含义。下面是 more than 结构的一些常见用法
1. more than
结构后跟名词表示“不只是”；“不仅仅”等。例如：
(1) However, we must consider more than the beginning of the motion.然而，我们必须考虑的不只是运动的初始阶段。
(2) Peace is more than the absence of war.和平不只是意味着没有战争。
2．more than 用来修饰形容词、分词和动词，表示所修饰的词份量不重或含义不够，而加以说明，译成汉语可为“非常”，相当于“very”或“much”。例如：
(1) He is more than selfish.
他非常自私。
(2) He is more than happy about it.
他对此事极为高兴。
(3) I am sure conditions over there will more than satisfy your requirements.
我相信那边的条件会极大地满足你的要求。
3．more than 后接单数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
(1) More than one person has been concerned in this.
这里涉及的不止是一个人。
(2) More than one member protested against the proposal.
不止一个成员反对这个建议。
4. more A than B 结构。用来比较两种说法的正确程度，即前一种说法（A项）比后一种说法（B项）要正确一些，表示“与其……不如……”。在这个句型里，more 后不能用形容词或副词的比较级形式，而要用原级形式，此外还可用名词、代词、动词、介词短语等。例如：
(1) He is more good than bad.
与其说他坏不如说他好。
(2) It is more a poem than a picture.
与其说这是一幅画，不如说这是一首诗。
5. more than 或 more... than 后接从句，可表示否定意义。例如：
(1) The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words can describe.
杭州景色之美是说言所不能描述的。
(2) That is more than I can tell you,sir.
这一点我是不能告诉你的，先生。
（注意：在这种句型中，more than 后常接含有 can 或 could 的从句，表示“……不能”。）
对于下列表示否定意义的句子，有的语法学家认为在 than 后面省略了 when，有的认为省掉了 it，也有的认为 than 用作关系代词，因而并无省略。这类句子在理解上并不困难，结构上变化也不大，从实用出发，可将其视为一种句型来学习。例如：
a. You spent more money than was intended to be spent.
你花掉的钱比原计划的要多。（原计划要花的钱没有这么多。）
b. This is more money than is needed.
这笔钱比需要的多。（需要的钱没有这么多。）
c. We often advise him not to drink more wine than is good for his health.
我经常建议他不要饮酒太多，以免有害健康。
6. more than 结构可以由 far，much，a little，slightly，hardly，nothing，no 等词修饰，一般置于 more than 结构前。例如：
(1) This little man was hardly more than one meter fifty tall.
这个小个子男人身高仅1.5米。
(2) She could have thought of nothing more likely to please her brother than this praise of Maggie.她本该想到没有比赞扬玛琪更能使她哥哥高兴的了。
( 在这里，nothing more ... than 表示*的意思。）

A.rather than:"and not / instead of ":
1.连接词:A well constructed plot should,therefore,be single in its issue,rather than double as some maintain.[=A well constructed plot should,therefore,be single in its issue,double as some maintain.]
2.介系词:"diseases in which the immune system plays the villain rather than the protector" [="diseases in which the immune system plays the villain the protector.]
B.more than (形容词):超过
1.She is earning more than her husband.
2.The food is more than (what) I can eat/chew/digest...