甲、乙、丙、丁四个小朋友共有铅笔38支,乙比甲的一半多1支,丙比乙的一半多1支,丁比丙的一半多1支,甲、乙、丙、丁各有几支笔?

问题描述:

甲、乙、丙、丁四个小朋友共有铅笔38支,乙比甲的一半多1支,丙比乙的一半多1支,丁比丙的一半多1支,甲、乙、丙、丁各有几支笔?

设甲的铅笔为x支,由题意得:
x+(

1
2
x+1)+[
1
2
×(
1
2
x+1)+1]+{
1
2
×[
1
2
×(
1
2
x+1)+1]+1}=38,
                          x+
1
2
x+1+
1
4
x+
3
2
+
1
2
×[
1
4
x+
3
2
]+1=38,
                                         
7
4
x+
5
2
+
1
8
x+
7
4
=38,
                                             
15
8
x+
17
4
=38,
                                                15x+34=304,
                                                   15x=270,
                                                     x=18;
乙有:
1
2
x+1=
1
2
×18+1=10(支),
丙有:
1
2
×10+1=6(支),
丁有:
1
2
×6+1=4(支);
答:甲有18支笔,乙有10支笔,丙有6支笔,丁有4支笔.