英语翻译

英语翻译
From Nothing,to Monumental,to Agile
Most software development is a chaotic activity,often characterized by the phrase "code and fix".The software is written without much of an underlying plan,and the design of the system is cobbled together from many short term decisions.This actually works pretty well as the system is small,but as the system grows it becomes increasingly difficult to add new features to the system.Furthermore bugs become increasingly prevalent and increasingly difficult to fix.A typical sign of such a system is a long test phase after the system is "feature complete".Such a long test phase plays havoc with schedules as testing and debugging is impossible to schedule.
We've lived with this style of development for a long time,but we've also had an alternative for a long time:Methodology.Methodologies impose a disciplined process upon software development with the aim of making software development more predictable and more efficient.They do this by developing a detailed process with a strong emphasis on planning inspired by other engineering disciplines - which is why I tend to refer to them as engineering methodologies.
Engineering methodologies have been around for a long time.They've not been noticeable for being terribly successful.They are even less noted for being popular.The most frequent criticism of these methodologies is that they are bureaucratic.There's so much stuff to do to follow the methodology that the whole pace of development slows down.
As a reaction to these methodologies,a new group of methodologies have appeared in the last few years.For a while these were known a lightweight methodologies,but now the accepted term is agile methodologies.For many people the appeal of these agile methodologies is their reaction to the bureaucracy of the monumental methodologies.These new methods attempt a useful compromise between no process and too much process,providing just enough process to gain a reasonable payoff.
The result of all of this is that agile methods have some significant changes in emphasis from engineering methods.The most immediate difference is that they are less document-oriented,usually emphasizing a smaller amount of documentation for a given task.In many ways they are rather code-oriented:following a route that says that the key part of documentation is source code.