英语翻译
英语翻译
一、引言
语言是交际的重要手段,人类交际分为语言交际和非语言交际.非语言交际通过各种身势动作,以其独特的表现形式,像词语一样在特定语境中表达特定含义.非语言交际方式很多,如副语言、客体语言、环境语言等,本文探讨与身体有关的一种非语言交际方式—身势语.
身势语（body language）的概念是由美国心理学家伯德斯特尔(Birdwhistell)首先提出的.他指出人的身体各部位的运动肌的动作,器官都可以表达和交流信息、感情、态度—“身体即信息”.身势语包括目光语、手势、身体姿势、面部表情、举止动作、触觉等若干方面.“艾伯特、梅拉比安发现,一个信息产生的影响,只有7%是语言的、38%是噪音的（包括语调的抑扬顿挫和其他声音）,55%是非语言的”.[1] （p10）“伯德斯特尔教授也认为,面对面语言交际成分不到35%,65%以上的沟通是以非语言的方式进行的.”[2] (p22)因此可以说,对话语含义的推导和理解不仅仅只依赖于话语自身的言语特征,还要观察和透析说话人的非语言的体态特征.
语言与非语言同时运用是在任何一种文化中极为重要的表现形式.俗话说：“出门看天色,进门看脸色.” 无声语言在交际中起着举足轻重的意义.身势语和语言一样都体现显著的社会文化特征.一方面,在一个特定的民族传统文化里,身势语所表达的意思是约定俗成的,违反某种“定势”极易引起交流中断或误解；另一方面,一个特定民族传统身势语的内涵也处在一个动态的,不断微调的过程中.在信息科技发展的今天,身势语内涵的变化也在不断“刷新”.
I. INTRODUCTION
Language is an important means of communication, human communication into verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication through a variety of body movements, its unique form of expression, the same terms as expressed in a particular context-specific meaning. The way a lot of nonverbal communication, such as Vice language, object language, the language, such as the environment, exploring the body of this article relating to a non-verbal communication methods - body language.
Body language (body language) is the concept of psychologists from the United States伯德斯特尔(Birdwhistell) first proposed. He pointed out that the human body movement in different parts of muscle action, the organ can be the expression and exchange of information, feelings, attitudes - "the body of information." Body language including eye language, gestures, body posture, facial expressions, behavior actions, a number of areas, such as tactile. "Albert, Merabishvili an found that the impact of a message, while only 7% is the language, 38% of noise (including the cadence and tone of voice), 55% of non-language."
[1] (p10) "Professor伯德斯特尔also believes that the composition of face-to-face verbal communication less than 35%, 65% of communication is non-verbal manner." [2] (p22), it can be said of discourse and understanding of the meaning is derived not just rely on the discourse characteristics of their own language, but also to observe and dialysis speaker's non-linguistic characteristics of the body.
At the same time with the non-verbal language is the use of a culture in any manifestation of great importance. As the saying goes: "to go out to see the sky, watching the door face." Silent language in the communication plays an important significance. Body Language and languages reflect a significant social and cultural characteristics. On the one hand, in a particular traditional culture, the body language expressed by means of the convention, in violation of a "set" easily interrupted or misunderstanding caused by the exchange; On the other hand, a specific national tradition of Body Language connotation is also in a dynamic, constantly fine-tuning the process. In the development of information technology today,
Body language is also changing the meaning of "Refresh."