the teacher has given books to the students except ___ who has been given.

问题描述:

the teacher has given books to the students except ___ who has been given.
记得不是很清楚,但上面的填空有ones,the others 2个选项,答案是ones,为什么不可以是the others?是不是用the others 的话,前后会分成2个单独的句子?
另外,weather permitting,we will set off tomorrow.前面的是独立(主格)结构吗?类似还有什么句子,比如if not,等,这些是什么语法现象?

the others 相当于the rest 或the other people,“其他人”,也就是说必须要有明确的被比较对象,而上文中的句子没有.这句话的意思是“老师把书发给了那些还没有拿到过书的学生.”其中,ones指的是the students,后面是一句定语从句修饰the students.
weather permitting是独立主格结构,但if not不是,独立主格结构必须有相应的主语和谓语.例如weather是主语,permit就是谓语了.