分词短语 知识讲解 什么叫做分词短语做状语

I．基本概念
1.分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种.
2.分词的否定式直接在分词前面加not.
II.分词短语作状语时若表“正在被…”的概念,常用过去分词而不用现在分词的被动式.
Followed by some students,the professor entered the lab.
II.分词短语作状语的功能
1.     做原因状语
Not knowing his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
Taken good care of,the homeless child is living a happy life.
Not knowing where to go,the little boy asked a policeman for help.
Not having been invited to the party,Joan was greatly hurt.
Having lost the key,the boy couldn’t enter his house.
2.     做条件状语
Given more care,the flowers could have grown better.
Given ten more minutes,I will finish the work better.
3.     做伴随状语
The old man walked in the street,followed by his son.
He was sitting there,lost in deep thought.
4.     做方式状语
5.     做时间状语
Leaving some questions unanswered,the man said goodbye to us.
Walking down the street the other day,I saw a terrible accident.
III．
1.现在分词完成式表示分词的动作发生在句中谓语动作之前,一般在句中做时间或原因状语.
Having answered the letter,she went on to listen to the radio.
2.现在分词的完成被动式与过去分词都表“完成”“被动”,但前者更加强调分词动作先于谓语动作,而后者的时间性不强.
Having been told to stay in Beijing,the boy decided not to return to his village.
IV.
1.     分词作状语时,其句子的逻辑主语是句子的主语.
While crossing the street,you should look around.
2.     当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,分词需要带自己的主语,从而构成独立主格结构.
The meeting being over, we all left the hall.(时间状语)
Health permitting,I will go and visit you.(条件状语)
He ran on the playground, sweat rolling down his face.(伴随状语)
Tom stood at the door, his hands crossed behind his head.(伴随状语)
The president being absent ,they had to put off the ceremony.(原因状语)