已知向量a的膜=1,向量b的膜=根号3,两向量之和=(根号3,1).求向量a-b的膜及向量a+b与向量a-b的夹角

问题描述:

已知向量a的膜=1,向量b的膜=根号3,两向量之和=(根号3,1).求向量a-b的膜及向量a+b与向量a-b的夹角

已知:向量a、b,|a|=1,|b|=√3,a+b=(√3,1);
求:(1)|a-b|;(2)a+b与a-b的夹角α.
(1)由题目可知:a²=1、b²=3、(a+b)²=4;
设a=(x1,y1)、b=(x2,y2),则a+b=(x1+x2,y1+y2)=(√3,1);
则x1²+y1²=1、x2²+y2²=3,x1+x2=√3、y1+y2=1;
(a+b)²=(x1+x2)²+(y1+y2)²=(x1²+x2²)+(y1²+y2²)+(2x1x2+2y1y2)
=1+3+(2x1x2+2y1y2)=4,则(2x1x2+2y1y2)=0;
而a-b=(x1-x2,y1-y2),
则(a-b)²=(x1-x2)²+(y1-y2)²
=(x1²+x2²+y1²+y2²)-(2x1x2+2y1y2)
=1+3-0=4;
则|a-b|=2;
(2)cosα=(a+b)·(a-b)/(|a+b|·|a-b|)
=(a²-b²)/(|a+b|·|a-b|)
=(1-3)/(2×2)
=-1/2
∵α∈[0,π],∴α=2π/3=120°.