定积分上限1下限-1根号下1-x平方,别用几何意义求.急..

问题描述:

定积分上限1下限-1根号下1-x平方,别用几何意义求.急..

令x = sinz,dx = cosz dz
当x = - 1、z = - π/2
当x = 1、z = π/2
∫(- 1→1) √(1 - x^2) dx
= ∫(- π/2→π/2) √(1 - (sinz)^2) * (cosz dz)
= 2∫(0→π/2) |cosz| * cosz dz,由于偶函数,关于x = 0对称,变为原被积函数的两倍
= 2(0→π/2) (cosz)^2 dz
= 2∫(0→π/2) (1 + cos(2z))/2 dz
= [z + (1/2)cos(2z)] |(0→π/2)
= (π/2 + 0) - (0)
= π/2

解析:如果不用几何意义求就用换元法!令x=sint,则当x=-1时,t=-π/2,x=1时,t=π/2,所以原式=∫(-π/2,π/2)costdsint=∫(-π/2,π/2)cos²tdt=1/2∫(-π/2,π/2)(1+cos2t)dt=1/2(t+1/2sin2t)|(-...