八年级上英语语法

八年级上英语语八年级上英语语法点滴
福建福清龙田中学 张端祥
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”.例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”.例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了.
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”.例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如：
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如：
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助.
我们在使用时要注意以下几点：
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念.此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈.例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来.
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人.例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生.
3. 用于表示可能性.should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一.例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了.
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来.
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业.如：
What is your father?你父亲是干什么的?
该句相当于：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人.如：
---Which is Peter?哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩.
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制.如：
What color do you like best?（所有颜色）
你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?（有特定的范围）
你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词.如：
Which pictures are from China?
哪些图片来自中国?
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：
always（总是,一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常,经常）
sometimes（有时候）
never（从不）
2.频度副词的位置：
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面.如：
David is often arrives late for school.
大卫上学经常迟到.
b.放在行为动词前.如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7：10去上学.
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调.如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车.
3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装.如：
Never have I been there.
我从没到过那儿.
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”.如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7：10去上学.
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语.
2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”.
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语.
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活动是什么?
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）.被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）.
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语.
（doesn't是助动词,无词义；like是主要动词,有词义）
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来：
a. 表示时态,例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌.
He has got married. 他已结婚.
b. 表示语态,例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国.
c. 构成疑问句,例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如：
I don't like him.我不喜欢他.
e. 加强语气,例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会.
He did know that.他的确知道那件事.
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事. (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事.(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了.(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了.( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来. (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it offB. turn it off
C. to turn it offD. having turned it off
答案：C.由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实.此处不符合题意.
2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局.
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的.
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right.
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了.
3.for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子.如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for.如：
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of).
He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for.)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行*提问.例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提问：1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性.再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”.如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”.如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中.如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中.如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中.如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面.如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中：
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
forget doing sth忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth记得做过某事
like doing sth喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth需要做某事
prefer doing sth宁愿做某事
mind doing sth介意做某事
practice doing sth练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth禁不住做某事
miss doing sth错过做某事
2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事
They decide on flying kites.
他们决定放风筝.
3.decide on sth就某事决定.
Betty decided on the red skirt.
贝蒂选定了那条红裙子.
4.decide的名词形式为decision,结构：make a decision,意为“做决定”.如：
He has made a decision.
他已经做一个决定了.
43) too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数.如：
There are too many students in our class.
我们班上有太多的学生.
2.too much意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词.如：
We have too much work to do.
我们有太多的工作要做.
3.much too表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词.如：
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它.
44) can的用法
1.表示能力.如：
We can carry the heavy box.
我们可以搬得动箱子.
Who can sing an English song?
谁会唱英文歌?
2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中.如：
Can it be true?
这会是真的吗?
You can't be serious?
你不会当真吧?
3.表示允许,意思与may相近,主要用于口语中.如：
Can I smoke here?
我可以在这儿吸烟吗?
Can I go with him?
我可以跟他一起去吗?