英语翻译
英语翻译
中美文化基本差异
集体主义:一般而言,中国和其他亚洲文化反映了社会科学家称为“集体主义”的取向.这些文化比较注重群体合作和个人谦虚.个人主义:相反,美国人通常表现出一种个人主义取向.他们更重视独立性.自我实现即使不是一种期望,但至少更容易被人们接受.美国人更重视不受外部制约的“*”.社会关系中国人的社会关系比美国人更加正式,等级更分明.中国人似乎非常习惯于等级分明的结构,他们可基于自己在结构中的位置和惯例确定自己的行为方式.美国人则更侧重于非正式和平等关系.美国人通常和社会地位相同的人在一起最自在；他们不太重视社会等级.友谊与美国人相比,中国人更可能拥有少数终生挚交,他们彼此之间交情深厚,愿意相互提供任何形式的帮助.美国人可能有许多“朋友”和熟人,这些朋友和熟人随着时间的推移而变换,彼此之间承诺的义务有限.义务在中国人之间,与他人的关系通常意味着彼此之间的义务.与此相反,美国人倾向于回避相互依赖的关系以及可能导致长期义务的局面.任务取向与关系取向中国人侧重于关系取向.保持和谐的关系比完成任务更重要.相比之下,美国人侧重于任务取向.完成工作通常比关系更重要.和谐与“事实”中国人所受的教育通常是避免直接冲突、公开批评和具有争议的话题.他们希望在周围的人中保持和谐,给别人留“面子”."面子."相反,美国人通常愿意直接面对问题、提出批评、讨论具有争议的问题,并坚持自己认为是“事实”的意见.他们对“面子”并不在意."面子." 法律、规章和条例的作用在交往方面,中国人通常更信任人际关系,而不太信任书面规则和程序.而美国人一般认为书面规则适用于每一个人,并且能够产生公正、合理的程序和决定.时间观念中国人比较怀旧,也比较注重未来.美国人通常对过去不太感兴趣,他们注重的是眼前的情况.指定身份与获取身份在中国的传统中,个人在社会中的地位很大程度上基于继承特征,例如年龄、性别和家庭,但这种情形正在发生变化.对于大多数美国人,个人地位主要基于自己的成就,包括受教育程度和事业上的成功.
不要那些网上copy的
译得不好,见笑见笑.
Basic differences of the culture between China and the United States
Collectivism:generally speaking,China and other Asian cultures reflects the social scientists known as "collectivism" orientation.These cultural comparison pays attention to the group cooperation and individual modesty.
Individualism:on the contrary,Americans often show an individualistic orientation.They pay more attention to independence.
Americans pay more attention to "freedom".is not subject to external constraints.Chinese people are very accustomed to hierarchical structure,they can be based on their position in the structure and determine their own behavior.
Americans are more focused on informal and equal relationship.Americans usually don't attach importance to the social hierarchy.Chinese people are more likely to have a few lifelong friendship,willing to provide any form of help each other.
Americans may have many "friends" and acquaintances,but these friends and acquaintances transformate over time.
In China,relationships with others often means obligations between each other.In contrast,Americans tend to avoid interdependent relationships and may lead to long-term obligations of the situation.
Task oriented and relationship oriented
Chinese focuses on the relationship oriented.Keeping harmonious relationship is more important than to complete the task.Americans,by contrast,focus on the task orientation.Completing the work often is more important than relationships.
Harmony and "facts" of Chinese education is usually avoid direct conflict,public criticism and controversial topic.They want to maintain harmony among the surrounding,leaving "face" for others.On the contrary,Americans are usually willing to directly face the problems,criticism,discuss contentious issue,and insist that he thinks is "facts" opinion.They didn't care about "face".
The Chinese usually trust relationships more,but trust written rules and procedures less.Americans generally believe that the written rules apply to everyone,and can produce fair and reasonable procedures and decisions.
Chinese pay attention to the future very much.Americans usually less interested in the past and what they notice is present.For most Americans,the personal status is largely based on their own achievements,including level of education and career success.