英语主语一致 举例

1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
　　Reading and writing are very important.
　　注意： 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词,共用一个冠词用单数,表示一人兼两职.
　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
　　The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
　　A. is B. was C. are D. were
　　答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.
　　2 主谓一致中的就近原则
　　当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.
　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
　　总的来说,在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中,谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理,即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式.如：
　　Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.　
　　Either you or she is to go.
　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
　　3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
　　当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致.
　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
　　He as well as I wants to go boating.
　　4 谓语需用单数
　　1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数.
　　Each of us has a tape-recorder.
　　There is something wrong with my watch.
　　2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数.
　　The Ar* Night is a book known to lovers of English.
　　是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书.
　　3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可,意思不变.)
　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
　　Ten yuan is enough.
　　5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
　　1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.
　　All is right. (一切顺利.)
　　All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)
　　2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team,group,club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.
　　His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.
　　His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.
　　但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin(害虫)等在任何情况下都用复数形式.
　　Are there any police around
　　3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数.
　　A number of +名词复数+复数动词.
　　The number of +名词单数+单数动词.
　　A number of books have lent out.
　　The majority of the students like English.
　　6 与后接名词或代词保持一致
　　1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致.
　　Most of his money is spent on books.
　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
　　2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.
　　Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.
　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.
　　7 the+形容词/国籍形容词.表示一类人/一国人,作主语,谓语动词用复数.
　　8 the+姓氏的复数,表示一家人或两夫妇,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,
　　9 四则运算时,谓语动词用单数.
　　10 表示,(时间,距离,重量,金额,书名）的复数名词作主语时,通常当做整体看待,谓语动词用单数.
编辑本段
"表里不一"现象
　　主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象
　　和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下
　　1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
　　More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
　　2, "many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:
　　Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
　　3,"half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
　　Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
　　4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
　　"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
　　5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:
　　What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
　　6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:
　　No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
　　7,当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except,逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:
　　My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
　　8,each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:
　　They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
　　9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
　　Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
　　10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:
　　The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
　　11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类.例如:
　　Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.
　　当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点)economics（经济意义）等
　　12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:
　　The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.
　　还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（记录）.remains（遗体）.thanks等
　　13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如:
　　One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
　　14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:
　　One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.
　　15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:
　　He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.
　　16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:
　　One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.