语法的时态讲解

1.一般现在时: 主语+do/does(现在分词)
e.g We clean the room every day.
2.一般过去时: 主语+did
e.g We cleaned the room just now.
3.现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are doing
e.g We are cleaning the room now.
4.过去进行时: was/were doing
e.g We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
e.g 5.现在完成时: have/has done
We have cleaned the room already.
6.过去完成时: had done
e.g We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
7.一般将来时: will do/
e.g We will clean the room tomorrow.
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do
e.g He said he would clean the room next.
一般
现在时
often, usually, always, sometimes, every day (week…),
on Sunday
He/She/It+动词s
I/We/You/They+动词原形
一般
过去时
yesterday, … ago, last week,
in 2001
主语+动词的过去式
现在
进行时
now
主语+be+ 现在分词
现在
将来时
tomorrow, next week
主语+will/be going to+动词原形
现在
完成时
already, yet, ever, never, for+一段时间, since+时间起点
He/She/It has+过去分词
I/We/ You/They have +过去分词
动词在语言交流中是十分重要的,语法只是学好英语的工具,利用这个工具可以提高自己的自学能力.在理解时态的过程中要注意上下句或前后语境的提示.要注意动词的基本变化.
①例1：（2003 北京市）
②---What are Mr and Mrs Black doing?
③---They _______ tea in the garden.
④A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink
⑤【解析】
⑥此题考查现在进行时.
⑦从上句语境分析得知动作就发生在此时此刻,找准动词部分的结构,排
除干扰,得出正确答案.该句的问句在问“布莱克夫妇正在干什
么?”,回答应是“现在正在……”,现在进行时的结构是“be(am,is,
are)+现在分词”.
⑧例2（2003 重庆市）
⑨---I don’t know if his uncle___________.
⑩---I think he _________if it doesn’t rain.
A．comes；comes B．will come；will come
C．comes; comes D．comes; will come
【解析】
本题考查了两种时态在语境中的应用.先分清if引导的是个什么从
句,再根据语境确定各自的时态.第1空if在及物动词之后引导宾语从
句,意思是“是否”,该句的主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的动作还没有
发生,用将来时；第二个空if引导是条件状语从句,条件从句用一般现在
时,主句的谓语动词用将来时.
三、交际
《大纲》指出“使学生掌握一定的语言基本知识和基本
技能,建立初步的语感,获得初步运用英语的能力,为真实交际
打下基础”.学习语言的关键在于运用.同学们是否注重自己英
语,口语的练习呢?我们没有说外语的环境,但要尽量创造.每天
早上起床后,应该是先读上至少5分钟英语.大声朗读不仅可以练
习发音,形成良好的语感,而且对听力的提高也有着不可低估的
作用.另外,我们还要利用一切可能的机会用英语和同学、老师
或者其它懂英语的人打招呼或谈论事情.碰到生词,就汉英夹杂
着说.一开始,可能不太习惯,但没有关系,只要坚持就会有结
果.前苏联语言学家巴乌利•阿里斯德教授能流利地讲十五种外
语.他说：“我只要学会了100个单词,就立即用这种语言讲话.
一个怕出错的人永远也讲不了地道的外语.”看来,要想练好口
语,真要有“厚着脸皮,磨破嘴皮”的精神才行.
四、阅读
1.你是如何培养阅读能力的呢?
阅读理解难度较高,必须在有了充足的词汇的基础上才能进行阅读训练.它
是检查你英语学习水平的高低的重要标志.你是否在阅读上花了不少的力气呢?
要想提高阅读水平,除了学习课本外,必须在课外有意识地扩大阅读量,提高阅
读速度,掌握阅读技巧.养成课余阅读英文读物的习惯.刚开始时,由于词汇量
的限制,你可以阅读一些较浅显的文章,尽量读那些没有生词的简易读物.随着
词汇量的扩大,你的胃口也会越来越大.要多读原汁原味的文章,这样不仅开阔
了眼界,还学到了不少知识.一段时间下来,你的词汇量会丰富不少,理解能力
也有长足的进步.开始要有意地读一些诸如科普、历史、地理、环保、医学保健
方面的小品文.
有的同学还会经常碰到这样的问题：是文章本身对我来讲没有生词,但做阅
读理解题时经常会出现偏差.当然这种情况更多地是设计到阅读理解的考试.说
明你在阅读过程中遇到了理解上的障碍,因此在阅读理解中掌握一些答题技巧也
是十分重要的.
例如：
阅读理解（一）
about the weather, but nobody does anything about it."
people begin their talks by saying, "Isn't it a nice day?
""Do you think it will rain?" "I think it's going to
snow."
Many people think they can tell what the weather is
going to be like. But sometimes they don' t agree with
each other. One man may say, "Do you see how cloudy it is
in the east? It' s going to rain tomorrow. "Another man
will say, "Yes, it' s going to be fine tomorrow."
People often look for the weather they want. When a
farmer needs water,he looks for something to tell him it' s going to rain, and he doesn' t look for anything else. When
friends have a picnic, they hope the weather is going to
be fine and they can sit eating their lunch under the blue
sky.
Almost everyone listens to what the weatherman says. But
he doesn ' t always tell us what we want, and sometimes he
makes a mistake. Still, he is right most of the time.
1.What's the best title for the passage?
A. How to Begin a Talk . B. Story about a Weatherman
C. Weather Report D. About Weather