英语翻译

(一) perception
Perception of the outside world stimulation by individuals for selecting,evaluation and organizational process.Perception and culture have close relations,Sam watts scholar,there are five major social and cultural factors on developing perception plays a big effect,these cultural factors have:faith,cultural value,system,outlook,social organization.For belief speaking,different nationalities and cultures,with different faiths,determines the people's value choice and judgement,and cultural values are people in make choices and resolve conflict as basis of a kind of rule system.Values are acquired,it is not common,it will be because of different cultural background and different.Also,people of many different cultures have different attitude system,and the outlook,but also as the aeriform in affect people you understand.At the same time.Intercultural communication both sides,inevitably will come from different social organization.The different social organizations have different organizational culture and this organization culture is different,also determines its members behavior standard and value judgment is different.Thus,the culture of the five factors determine the communicator of communication conveyed information perception.Due to cultural differences,make people on the same thing described and understood have created differences,thus appeared communication obstacles.
(二) stereotypes
Prejudice is one that is not consider individual members characteristics,according to one group previously existing ideas,attitudes and perceptions,the formation of this group of one member understanding.In cross-cultural communication,often because communication both stereotypes of existence,animas give priority to,do not concrete analysis someone's communication features,but in a culture group of common features to analyze the communicator behavior.As we often hear such words:"he is a man,he will surely..." This conclusion without any effort and energy costs,also need not to others through observation,greatly simplifying the information processing.Although this because of prejudice to information process simplification,sometimes can effectively improve the communication efficiency,but prejudices as our minds of image is often the rigid,difficult to change,usually easy to cause the miscommunication,cause misunderstanding of conveying information to others.Therefore,to some momentous communication speaking,if the condition allows,still had better first clarify oneself is to each other with prejudices,then eliminate prejudices,whole communication culture in the aberrational the whole community cultural characteristics,on the basis of analyzing its individual more detail of the cultural differences,undertake proper cross-cultural communication.
(三) lack of empathy
Empathy refers to put yourself in to appreciate others pleasure and fortune,resulting in emotional identification ability,and lack of empathy is refers to lack the ability to produce this resonance opportunity.Cannot fully understand,evaluation,accept other's cultural differences.In cross-cultural communication should produce in empathy,the first thing to do is to each other's language and behavior on proper culture attribution.Different culture subject,if the communication from a culture of the people suffered from another culture person offense,insulted man thinks for the sake of their own culture does not understand,offend will usually be forgiven,but if be offenders,put the cross-cultural communication obstacles attributed to the cultural background of explanation,such as considered offenders,arrogance,etc,it can create serious problems.It was the cultural attribution problem.In order to have people of many different cultures,we need to work together to face environment correct attribution,cultural perspective-taking,standing on the other side of the view of the problem.Similar cultural attribution can lead to him,people's positive comments will help us better understand each other's language and behavior.
(四) race centralism
Racial centralism affect intercultural effective communication is another factor.Alleged racial centralism is one kind take its own cultural values and standards to explain and judging other cultural environment of groups of a trend.With racial centralism thinking people will think oneself only national cultural existence is correct,it is difficult to think of other people's ideas and values of feeling.In the cultural communication,both parties should note overcome racial center ideology of generation,oneself and communication square cultural differences in the global range for identification and understanding,promote cross-cultural communication effici-ently.