什么时候在句中做状语（英语）谢谢了,

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial). 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等. 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中.副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念.1.副词一般在句子中做状语． He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree是地点状语. 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语. I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. 3.介词短语 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery.4.从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5.分词作状语 Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper. Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another. 一、时间状语从句 要点: 时间状语从句,由以下连词引导： when ,while, as, after ,before, as soon as, since ,till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致.一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时. 1.when当******的时候 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (当)莫扎特4岁的时候,开始写音乐作品. 2.while当...时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅途中参观了许多地方. 3.as在...的同时；一边...一边... He smiled as he stood up. 他一边站起来一边笑着. 4.after在...之后 He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家. 5.before 在...之前 Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了. 6.as soon as 一...就... We began to work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那就开始工作. I will write to you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你写信. 7.since 自...以来 到现在 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间.主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时. Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. 自格林先生来中国以来,他就在这所学校教书. (还可以用作介词,本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示.) 8 till /until 都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语. They walked till /until it was dark. 他们一直走到天黑. Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back. 小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家. 9. by the time 到...为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时) By the time he gets there , his father has already gone. 他到家的时候,他爸爸已经走了. By the time I got to school, the class had already began. 我到校时,已经开始上课了. 时间状语从句 （adverbial clause of time） 一 地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型, 要点: 由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导 例如：句型1：Where＋地点从句,（there）＋主句.【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there.例如：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的.They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人.因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎.You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方.Where the * Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国*,哪里人民得解放.句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句,＋主句.【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后. 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”.例如：Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员.二 知识扩展 1.Where there is a will , there is a way. 有志者事竟成.(谚语) 1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled. 他将是一所混合式学校,那里的儿童并不都是残疾.(在限定性定语从句中对先行词起着限定作用.) 2.Wherever you go , I go too. 无论你到什么地方,我都去.(wherever=no matter where)无论何处,多用于句首. 3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire. 无风不起浪.(谚语) 4. While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.疑问副词where后跟不定式,构成不定式短语. 条件状语从句 要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 意思为除非引导.(让步) 1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足. 2.You will get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩. 3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too. 我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.) 4.You will be late unless you leave immediately. 如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.) 难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时. lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow. 一般将来时, 一般现在时 lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week. 一般将来时, 一般现在时 原因状语从句 要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导 1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了. 2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧. 3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜. 4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她. .难点——because , since , as , for,辨析 1） because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题.当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since.I didn’t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替.但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for.He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.