英语中反义疑问句

反义疑问句常用来征求对方的看法.其结构为：+,-.或 -,+.（即前面的称述句为肯定形式,后面的疑问句用否定形式；或者相反.)
这两部分句子中的主语同指一人或事物,在时态、人称、数上应保持一致.另外,在英语中,无论问题是怎样问的,只要答语的事实是肯定句,就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的,就要用NO.
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I或am't I 或 am I not（但不可以用am not I）
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语.
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 barely, scarcely, never, no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义.
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never bloom, do they?
He seldom goes to the cinema, does he?
*但若是具有否定意义的前缀或后缀的词(或者是fail,miss等词)时（不把它视为否定词）,疑问部分仍用否定形式
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?
Your sister dislikes ice-cream, doesn’t she?
The patient is hopeless, isn’t he?
You missed the early bus this morning, didn’t you?
You failed (in) the math exam, didn’t you?
4) 陈述部分主语是不定代词（或指示代词）everybody, nobody, somebody, everyone, no one ,someone等时,反义疑问句中的代词用they/he,(口语多用they）若是everything, something, anything, that, nothing, this等时,疑问部分只能用it.（陈述部分的主语是each of...结构时,附加疑问句在强调整体时用they,当作个别时用he.）
No one was hurt in the accident, were they/was he? 没有人在这次事故中受伤,是不是?
Everyone knows the answer, don't they/doesn’t he?
Nobody knows about it, do they/does he?
Everything seems all right, doesn't it?
Everything is ready, isn't it?
*含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构.例如：
You got nothing from him, did you/didn’t you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?
*陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he).
*One can’t be careful enough, can one / can he/can you?
5) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语.
He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he? / shouldn't he?
6) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）.
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
7) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语.
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
The old man used to be a farmer, usedn’t he / didn’t he?
8) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
9) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语.
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?
10) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语.
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?
11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语.
What colors, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定.
Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定.
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
He studies hard and he is often praised by his teachers, isn’t he?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句.(注意主句人称的区别)
I don't think he is bright, is he?（They don't think he is bright, do they?）
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
14) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语.
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语.
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
You needn’t do it, need you/must you?
You needn’t have told him the news, need you
15)祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you (won’t you,有些还有would you；甚至有can you; can’t you; why don’t you; could you;).——用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意；但是在否定的祈使句后, 只能用will you
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
Be quiet, would you/can’t you?
Give me some cigarettes, can’t you?
Don’t forget, will you?
*Let us do it as we please \ like to, will you? \ can you?
*Let’s us do it right now, shall we? \ can we?
*Come here, will you \ won’t you \ can you \ can’t you \ do you \ don’t you?
*Don’t say anything, will you \ can you \ do you?
*Tom, you clean the window, will you?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we/ shan't we
Let us(=allow us) 开头的祈使句,后用will you
*Let的宾语是me时,可用will you或may I；Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
Let me use your phone, will you/may I?
*16) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定.
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句.
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
We must be more polite in this occasion, needn’t we?------表示“必须”,必要性
He must be a brave man, isn’t he?----------------他肯定是个勇敢的人,不是吗?
It must have rained last night, didn’t it?----------昨晚肯定下过雨了,没下吗?
He mush have known the answer, hasn’t he?----他肯定已经知道答案了,还没知道吗?
①表示“义务,必须”→must
You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?----mustn’t表示“禁止”
②表示“有必要”→mustn’t/needn’t
You must go home right now, mustn’t you/needn’t you?
③表示“一定,想必”等推测意义→must或根据语境用其他动词或助动词
He must be very tired, mustn’t he/isn’t he?
He must have waited here for a long time, hasn’t he?
You must have seen the play last week, didn’t you?
*He can’t have done such a foolish thing, has he?他不可能做过这么愚蠢的事,做过了吗?
So he has known the secret, hasn’t he?
17.All we needed has been bought, hasn’t it? ----all指物：单
All we invited have arrived, haven’t they?----all指人：复
18）have作谓语
①表示“拥有”
You had no time for reading, did you ? \ had you?
He has a brother, hasn’t he, \ doesn’t he?
Oh, you have the same type of cell phone as I, do you?
*注意“否定形式”的时候：问句中动词由陈述句中的动词形式而定.例如：
He hasn’t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he?
②不表示“有”
We have to go without him, don’t we ?
You have your dinner at school, don’t you?
He has a rest every two hours, doesn’t he?
You often have headaches, don’t you?