如图,电源电压保持不变,已知电阻R1的阻值等于R1与R2和的四分之一,当开关s1,s2闭合时,电压表示数为4伏,灯L消耗的电功率为10瓦,当开关s1闭合,s2打开时,电压表示数为8伏,求灯L的灯丝电阻.

问题描述:

如图,电源电压保持不变,已知电阻R1的阻值等于R1与R2和的四分之一,当开关s1,s2闭合时,电压表示数为4伏,灯L消耗的电功率为10瓦,当开关s1闭合,s2打开时,电压表示数为8伏,求灯L的灯丝电阻.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┏━━━━V ━━━━┓X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃X
XXXXZXX┏━━L━┻ R1 ━━┳━━ R2X┫X
XXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃XXXXXXXX┃X
XXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┗━ S2 ━┫X
XXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃X
XXXXXX┗━━┃┈┃━━━ S1 ━━━━┛X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┏━━━━V ━━━━┓X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃X
XXXXXXXX┏━━L━┻ R1 ━━┳━━ R2X┫X
XXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃XXXXXXXX┃X
XXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┗━ S2 ━┫X
XXXXXX┃XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX┃X
XXXXXX┗━━┃┈┃━━━ S1 ━━━━┛X

已知电阻R1的阻值等于R1与R2和的四分之一
R1=(R1+R2)/4,解得:R2=3R1
S1,S2闭合,L,R1串联,I=U/R1=4/R1
灯L的功率是:P=I^2R=16R/R1^2=10.[1]
总电压U=I(R+R1)=4/R1*(R+R1)
S1闭合,S2打开,L,R1,R2串联,I=U1/(R1+R2)=8/4R1=2/R1
总电压U=I(R+R1+R2)=2/R1*(R+4R1)
所以有:4/R1*(R+R1)=2/R1*(R+4R1)
2R+2R1=R+4R1
R=2R1,代入上面:[1]式:
16R=10R1^2=10*R^2/4
解得:R=6.4
即灯L的电阻是6.4欧姆