英语翻译

舞会交际法
参加舞会，做到礼貌交际，必须注意以下三个方面：
①服饰整洁大方，忌浓施粉黛，珠光宝气。
②舞步与旋律和谐，头不乱摆，肩不乱动，手不乱晃。
③待人落落大方，女宾不应随便拒绝懂礼貌、讲文明的邀舞者；男宾在对方婉言谢绝时不可勉强对方

— What can I do for you?
— ____________________.
A. I want a kilo of apples B. You can go your own way
C. Thanks D. Excuse me. I'm busy
这题的答案是 A. I want a kilo of apples
为什么是A呢？对话的第一句是 What can I do for you ? 这是一句典型的“服务行业”用语，在不同的情景中可以理解为不同的意思：
在商店里就是：“你买什么？”
在其他公共场合就是：“我能帮您做什么？”
这里的四个选项中B C D选项即不是希望对方为自己作什么，也不是要买什么。只有A的回答是“要买一公斤苹果。”只有A与所给的问题组成了一段意思合理，又符合逻辑的对话。所以A是正确答案。
例题二：
— Do you mind telling me where you're from?
— _____________________.
A. Certainly. I'm from London. B. Sure. I was born in London.
C. Not really, you can do it. D. Certainly not. I'm form London.
Do you mind ? 句型，回答时：
如果是肯定的如，yes, certainly 那就是我在意，请你不要做什么
如果自己不在意，回答应该是： No， not at all.
这道题的干扰因素是：A B D 都回答了 I'm from London. 或 I was born in London. 它们都回答了 Where are you from? 这个提问。这说明这三个回答前面的用语是正确与否的关键。A B 一个用了 Certainly 一个用了 Sure 。肯定的回答，它违反了英语回答 Do you mind? 这类问题的习惯。只有 Certainly not. I'm from London. 是正确答案。
例题三：
— Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
— _____________________.
A. Yes, you may borrow. B. Yes, go on.
C. Yes, help yourself. D. It doesn't matter.
对方问“我能借你的字典吗？”
四个回答都好象是肯定的回答，看不出又什么不对。但是如果理解了每一个回答，就能分辨出哪一个是最合适的回答。
A. you may borrow. 你可以借。
B. go on 请继续。继续什么呢？不清楚。D.It doesn't matter. 没关系。这个回答好象对方作错了什么事。
C. Yes, help yourself. 自己动手（等于说：拿吧）所以C是正确答案。
从上面三个例子，我们是不是可以总结出下面的几条规律：
交际用语的答案不是明显的对错问题，它是是否符合口语习惯的问题。答题时，不是寻找错误，而是判断语言的使用是否规范。
要熟悉各种情景的对话用语，这样可以在短时间内，判断对话发生的地点和场景。
要熟悉西方人们日常的交际习惯，礼貌规则。这里所说的人们交往的交际习惯应该是西方文化中的习惯，而不是我们东方文化中，特别是我们自己生活中习惯了的交往方式。
这里特别提醒大家注意：我们是在说英语，不是用英语的句型套用汉语的习惯。比如在中国，当人们夸奖我们英语讲得不错的时候，我们会很谦虚地回答：“讲得不好，还得好好学习。”但是，这个回答不同于西方文化中的习惯。在英语里，我们就会回答：“Thank you.”表示感谢。在交际用语中，考生应该选择符合西方文化的语言，特别注意 Thank you和Sorry 的使用。

下面是交际用语的一些参考的范围：
1．功能性的日常用语
a. 问候与应答 b. 介绍 c. 告别 d. 感谢与应答
e. 请求帮助与应答 f. 提供帮助与应答 g. 祝愿与应答
h. 道歉与应答 i. 邀请与应答 j. 时间与日期
k. 表示个人意见 l. 表示个人心情和态度
2．日常情景对话
a. 约会 b. 打电话 c. 问路 d. 问讯事物 e. 天气
f. 交通 g. 购物 h. 就餐 i. 旅游 j. 健康
k. 学校生活 l. 家庭生活

第一部分 功能性的日常用语
1． 问候与应答类日常用语
How are you?
How is everything with you?
How are you getting on?

I'm fine, thank you.
Just fine.
Not bad, thank you.
As usual.

eg. 1. -- How are you getting along?
-- Just fine, thank you.
2. -- How are you?
-- Not very well. I've got a cold.
3. -- How is everything with you?
-- As usual.

2． 介绍类日常用语
This is Mr. …
May I introduce you to …?
Allow me to introduce …
How do you do?
Nice to meet you.
Pleased to meet you.
Hi, my name is …

eg. 1. -- Hi, may I introduce you to Mr. Li?
-- Nice to meet you.
2. -- This is Mr. Li.
-- How do you do?
3. -- Let me introduce Mr. Li, our new president.
-- Pleased to meet you.

3． 告别类日常用语
Sorry, I must be off.
I'm afraid I must be going.
I'm afraid I must go now.
See you.
See you later.

eg. 1. -- Sorry, I must be leaving now.
-- Are you already leaving?
2. -- I'm afraid I have to go.
-- See you later.
3. -- I'm sorry I have to go now.
-- Nice talking with you.
4． 答谢与应答类日常用语
Thank you.
Thanks a lot.
That's very kind of you.
Not at all.
Don't mention it.
That's all right.
My pleasure.
You're welcome.

eg. 1. -- You really helped me a lot. Thank you very much.
-- It's my pleasure.
2. -- That's very kind of you.
-- You're welcome.
3. -- I don't know how I should thank you.
-- don't mention it.

5． 请求帮助与应答类日常用语
Could you do something for me?
Do you mind doing something for me?
I wonder if you could do something for me.

Sure.
Certainly.
Of course.
I'm sorry, but I have something else to do.

eg. 1. -- Could you help me with this box?
-- Certainly.
2. -- I wonder if you could carry this bag for me?
-- With pleasure.
3. -- May I use your camera?
-- Sorry, but I have to use it myself.
6．提供帮助与应答类日常用语
What can I do for you?
Let me do it for you.
Do you need me to do it for you?
Please.
Thank you for your help.
No, thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you all the same.

eg. 1. -- Do you need me to read it aloud?
-- No, thank you.
2. -- What can I do for you?
-- Could you move this table with me?
3. -- Shall I open the window?
-- Please do. Thank you.

7．祝愿与应答类日常用语
Congratulations!
Good luck to you!
Have a nice trip.
Wish you success!
Thank you.
Same to you.
You, too.

eg. 1. -- Congratulations!
-- Thank you.
2. -- Happy New Year!
-- You, too.
3. -- Good luck to you!
-- Same to you.

8．道歉与应答日常用语
I'm sorry for keeping you waiting.
Excuse me for my interruption.
I'm sorry that I'm late.
I beg your pardon.
Pardon me.
It doesn't matter.
That's OK.
Never mind.

eg. 1. -- I'm sorry I forgot.
-- That's OK.
2. -- Excuse me for my being late.
-- That's all right. Be on time next time.
3. -- I beg your pardon. I didn't catch you.
-- I'll say it again.

9．邀请与应答类日常用语
Would you like to come with me?
I'd like to invite to dinner tonight.
Would you mind if I ask you to sit with me?

Yes, I'd love to.
Thanks for your invitation.
It's my pleasure.
I'd love to, but I'll have to finish my homework.
I'm afraid I am busy.
eg. 1. -- Would you like to have coffee with me?
-- I'd love to. Thank you.
2. -- I'd like to invite you to come to my birthday party.
-- It's my pleasure.
3. -- Would you mind if I invite you to see the new movie?
-- I'm afraid I'll have to take a class this evening.

10．时间与日期日类常用语
What time is it?
Do you have the time?
What date is it today?
It's time for us to do something.
eg. 1. -- Excuse me. Do you have the time?
-- I'm sorry. I don't have a watch.
2. -- It's time for lunch.
-- Let's go.
3. -- What does your watch say?
-- Three past nine.

11．表示个人意见类日常用语
I think you should do that.
I believe it is right.
I guess he is right.
You are right there.
I agree with you.
I think so.
I am afraid you are wrong.
Maybe not.

eg. 1. -- I think the new movie is a bit too dull.
-- I think so.
2. -- don't you think the lecture is too difficult?
-- I'm afraid it is.
3. -- I guess tomorrow will be fine.
-- I don't think so.

12．表示个人心情和态度类日常用语
Why don't you come with me?
I'm really tired.
What a day!
Dear me!
That's great.
What's happened?
What's the matter with you?
What's wrong with you?
You do look tired.

eg. 1. -- My goodness!
-- Anything wrong with you?
2. -- I'm really tired.
-- Take a good rest.
3. -- Oh, dear me.
-- What is it?


第二部分 日常情景对话
1． 约会时的日常用语
I'd like to meet you on Monday.
Shall we make an appointment?
How about Tuesday afternoon?
Will Sunday do?

OK.
That will do.
Sure.

eg. 1. -- Shall we meet at the school gate after class?
-- OK.
2. -- How about Friday afternoon?
-- Could we change another time. I'll be busy then.
3. -- When do you think you can come?
-- Will Sunday do?

2．介绍的日常用语
Hello, may I speak to Mr. Liu?
Is Mr. Li there?
I'd like to talk to your manager.

This is Liu speaking.
I'm sorry he is not in.
Hold on I'll get him.
I'm sorry. He is having a meeting.
Will you hold? I'll see if he is in.
eg.1. -- Hello, may I speak to Mr. Li?
-- Who’s speaking?
2. -- Is Xiao Liu there?
-- Hold on. I'll get him.
3. -- Is that Mr. Hu?
-- Which number are you calling?

3．问路的日常用语
Excuse me. Is this the way to the square?
Excuse me sir. Where is the post office?
Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station?

Certainly.
Go down this street. You won't miss it.
I'm sorry. I am a stranger here.

eg.1. -- Excuse me. Is this the way to the square?
-- Go straight until you see the post office, and then turn left.
2. -- Excuse me sir. Where is the post office?
-- I'm sorry. I am a stranger here.
3. -- Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station?
-- I am not sure. Why don't you ask the man over there.

4．问讯事物的日常用语
Excuse me. May I ask where I can find a restroom?
Could you tell me what time it is now?
Is the booking office here?
Are those seats taken?
eg.1. -- Excuse me. Where is the restroom?
-- It's around the corner.
2. -- is the booking office here?
-- It is upstairs.
3. -- Are those seats taken?
-- I'm sorry. They are taken.

5．天气的日常用语
What's the weather like today?
How is the weather in Shanghai?
A fine day, isn't it?
It looks like rain.
It's getting cloudy.

eg.1. -- How’s the weather like in your city now?
-- Very cold.
2. -- It's getting cloudy.
-- Looks like rain.
3. -- A fine day, isn't it?
-- Yes, it is.

6．交通
The traffic is heavy.
Here comes a taxi.
Take No. 3 bus and get off at the terminal.
Where is the subway?

eg.1. -- Shall we take Bus No.7?
-- I'd like to take a taxi.
2. -- Shall we take the subway?
-- OK. It's over there.
3. -- Oh my Stop again.
-- Do you often have such heavy traffic?

7．购物的日常用语
May I help you?
What can I do for you, sir?
Is there anything I can help?
Are you interested in anything?

I'd like to buy a TV set.
Do you have any fresh banana?
Just looking.

eg.1. -- May I help you?
-- I'd like to have a slice of cheese.
2. -- What can I do for you, sir?
-- I'm looking for an antique table for my new home.
3. -- Is there anything you are interested in?
-- Nothing particular. I'm just looking.

8．就餐的日常用语
What would you like to drink?
Would you like to sit at the window?
Are you ready to order?
How would you like your coffee?
How would you like your beef?

A table for two, please.
Black.
Rare, please.

eg.1. -- Are you ready to order?
-- Salad, soup, two eggs and two slices of bread.
2. -- How would you like your coffee?
-- With milk, please.
3. -- How would you like your beef?
-- Rare.

9．旅游的日常用语
Would you please check out?
Do you need room service?
Do you need a single ticket or return ticket?
Do you take credit card?
I'm sorry. We only take cash.
eg.1. -- I'd like to book a flight to Beijing?
-- One way or round trip? (Single or return?)
2. -- May I cash some money?
-- Show your ID card.
3. -- Are you checking out today?
-- No, I'll stay until Tuesday.

10．健康的日常用语
What's wrong with you?
Take this medicine and drink a lot of water.
How many bills should I take?
Two.
I'm feeling terrible.
Give up smoking.
Do more exercise.
eg.1. -- What's wrong with you?
-- I have pain in my stomach.
2. -- I'm feeling cold.
-- You'd better go and see the doctor.
3. -- I'm feeling terrible.
-- Did you see the doctor?

11．学校生活的日常用语
Let's call it a day.
Class is over.
English Listening is in Room 405.
The homework is due next Monday.
Hand in your homework before Monday.
Any questions?
The library is open from 8 : 00 a.m. to 9 :00 p.m.

eg.1. -- The deadline for your paper is next Sunday.
-- Could I hand in next Tuesday?
2. -- Read aloud, so that every one can here you?
-- I'm sorry. I have a bad cold.
3. -- The library will closed on Sunday.
-- Shall we study in the dormitory?

12．家庭生活的日常用语
Will you please help me with the dishes?
What's happening next door?
My mother is not feeling well.
I'm getting married.
It's getting late.
Turn down the radio.
Turn down the volume of the TV.
eg.1. -- Would you help me with the dishes?
-- I'm in the bathroom.
2. -- The telephone is ringing. Who’ll get it.
-- I'll get it.
3. -- I'm getting married.
-- Congratulations.

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