有关die的短语及词义区分

diev.[daɪ]　( dies; died; dying )
1.die的基本意思是指动植物因生命终止而“死亡”.引申可表示“消失,停止运行”“枯萎”等.
2.die主要用作不及物动词,也可用作系动词,接名词或形容词作表语,表示死时的身份或状态.die有时也可用作及物动词,但必须接同源名词death作宾语, death前常可有形容词修饰.die不用于被动结构.
3.die和副词小品词连用可组成短语如die away, die down, die out,均表示由大到小,由近到远,由有到无,指灯光、火光、声音等逐渐消失.
4.die后接介词可组成短语表示死于某种原因.如接介词from表示“死于非命”等,接of表示因“疾病或年老”等而死亡.
5.在口语中, die往往作“渴望、切望”或“强烈地感受到”解,表示一种极度状态,此时用现在进行时,其后可接介词for〔of, to〕或动词不定式.
6.die偶尔可用于进行体,表示“就要死去,渐渐死去”.
7.die的现在分词dying可用作形容词,在句中作定语.
～+名词 die a beggar穷困潦倒而死 die a dog's death死得可鄙 die a glorious death死得光荣 die a hero's death英勇牺牲 die a martyr死于自杀 die a worthy death死得其所 die game奋战而死 die a lingering death拖延多日才死去 die the death死于非命 ～+形容词 die happy在幸福中死去 die hard难断气 die old寿终 die poor贫困一生 die young中途死亡 ～+副词 die accidentally偶然地死去 die calmly平静地死去 die courageously勇敢地死去 die daily虽生犹死 die eventually最终死去 die gladly甘心死去 die gloriously光荣地死去 die happily快乐地死去 die immediately立即死去 die instantly立即死亡 die miserably惨死 die peacefully宁静地死去 die possibly可能死去 die shamefully羞愧地死去 die slowly慢慢地死掉 die suddenly突然死亡 die wholly彻底地枯萎 die away渐渐消失 die back凋落 die down渐渐平息 die off相继死去 die out灭绝 ～+介词 die at死在… die at one's post殉职 die at the stake受火刑而死 die by死于… die by drowning淹死 die by hanging吊死 die by one's own hand自杀 die by some poison中毒而死 die by the sword被剑杀 die by violence横死 die for极想得到… die for a cause为事业而死 die for lack of air因缺空气而死 die for one's country殉国,为国牺牲 die for want of food因缺乏食物而死 die from因…而死 die from a blow被打中而死 die from a disease得病而死 die from an accident死于事故 die from carelessness由于大意而死 die from drinking too much wine饮酒过多而死 die from eating to excess饮食过度而死 die from hunger饥饿而死 die from overwork工作过度而死 die from some unknown cause由于不明原因而死 die from weakness衰弱而死 die in agony痛苦而死 die in battle战死,阵亡 die in childbed因分娩而死 die in harness至死不倦 die in misery死得凄惨 die in office死于任职期间 die in one's bed寿终正寝 die in one's shoes暴死die in poverty 贫困而死die in the last ditch 奋战而死,战斗到底die of 因…而死die of a disease 病死die of a fall 失足摔死die of age 老死die of a broken heart 失望而死die of cholera 死于霍乱die of cold冻死 die of consumption死于肺结核 die of disappointment失望而死 die of exhaustion过度疲劳而死 die of fever高烧而死 die of grief悲痛而死 die of heat热死 die of hunger饿死 die of illness病死 die of overwork累死 die of poison中毒而死 die of poverty因贫穷而死 die of shame羞愧而死 die of sorrow悲伤而死 die of the bite of a snake蛇咬而死 die of thirst渴死 die of a wound受伤而死 die on中途死亡 die on the air渐渐消失 die on the vine失败 die through由于…而死亡 die through neglect由于不小心而死 die to舍弃… die to criticism不顾批评 die to insult不顾耻辱 die to reproach不顾责备 die to self舍己,无我 die to shame死不要脸 die under在…之中死亡 die upon死于… die with anger气死 die with envy嫉妒而死 die with fatigue过度疲劳而死 die with grief忧郁而死 die with joy乐死 die with laughing狂笑而死 die with shame羞愧而死 die within不复存在
常用短语
die away (v.+adv.)
(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失或停止 become weaker or fainter until it ceases
▲die away
The sound of the music died away.音乐声渐渐消失了.
His footsteps died away in the darkness.他的脚步声在黑暗中渐渐消失了.
All conversation died away.谈话声渐渐静了下来.
Now that the cheers had died away, the circus tent seemed oddly quiet.喝彩声逐渐平静下来后,马戏篷里安静得出奇.
All his anger died away.他的满腔怒气渐渐平息下来.
His voice died away and he fell asleep.他渐渐地没了声音,睡着了.
die back(v.+adv.)
(植物)枯死但根部还活着 die but remain alive at the roots
〔说明〕 die back通常不用于进行体.
▲die back
The dahlias died back when that first cold spelled.第一次寒潮袭来时,大丽花全都凋谢了.
The bushes may have died back in this cold autumn, but they will grow again next spring.在这寒冷的秋天,灌木可能会枯死,但明年春天还会生长起来.
die by (v.+prep.)
死于…,以…方式而死 die by means of (sth)
▲die by sth/v-ing
They who deny the power of the king shall die by the sword.谁不服从国王,就将死于剑下.
Many people have died by violence.有许多人死于暴力.
Many people died by drowning in the great floods.许多人在特大洪水中淹死了.
die down (v.+adv.)
变得越来越弱直到消失 become gradually less strong until it ceases
▲die down
The shots died down.枪声渐渐地平息下来.
The laughter died down.笑声渐渐地消失了.
The wind died down at last and all was quiet.风终于停了,一切都平静下来了.
When the hunt has died down we shall be able to leave our hiding place.追捕缓下来后我们才能离开隐藏的地方.
The excitement died down as time went by.随着时间的推移,激动的心情逐渐平静下来.
The feeling between them had died down.他们之间的感情已不那么强烈了.
die for (v.+prep.)
1.为…而献身 be prepared to die to support (an idea) or save (sb)
▲die for sb/sth
To die for the people is a glorious deed!为人民而死,虽死犹荣!
Many religious people would die for their beliefs.许多教徒都愿为他们的信仰而献身.
It used to be considered part of a young man's duty to die for his country.过去,为国捐躯一直被认为是年轻人的一份义务.
2.〈口〉急需(某物) want (sth) very much
〔说明〕 die for作此解时只用于现在进行时.
▲be dying for sth
It's so hot today,I'm dying for a drink.今天这么热,我急需喝点饮料.
I'm dying for a cup of tea.我很想喝杯茶.
He is dying for the book.他很想要这本书.
die from (v.+prep.)
死于(某种原因,不包括疾病、过度悲伤等) die following (sth, except illness or feeling)
▲die from sth
She died from a wound.她因受伤而死.
The young driver died from the wounds that he received in the road accident.这位年轻的司机在交通事故中受伤过重而死去.
The child died from her fall out of the high window.这个孩子是从窗户摔下来而死的.
It was obvious that the man died from suffocation.很明显,这个人死于窒息.
Five men died from police gunfire.五名男子被警察击毙了.
In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food.在寒冷的冬天,野兽可能是因为缺乏食物而被饿死.
die in (v.+prep.)
在(某事中或在某地方)死去 die during (an event) or in (a place)
▲die in sth
He died in an accident.他在一次事故中丧生.
The young driver died in the car crash.这个年轻的司机在车祸中死去了.
Fewer people die in hospital than at home.死在医院里的人要少于死在家里的人.
He watched his cigarette die in the ashtray.他看着他的烟在烟灰缸里熄灭.
He died in his bed.他寿终正寝.
He died in his office.他死于任职期间.
die of (v.+prep.)
1.死于(疾病、过度悲伤等) die because of (sth such as an illness or feeling)
▲die of sth
He died of cancer.他死于癌症.
The blacksmith died of the rum bottle and stroke.铁匠死于酗酒及中风.
She died of a fever, and no one could save her.她死于高烧,谁也救不了她.
Some of his children died of undernourishment.他有几个孩子因营养不良而死亡.
He died of his wound.他负伤而死.
My grandmother died of grief soon after her husband's death.祖父去世不久,祖母就因悲伤过度而死了.
2.强烈地感受到…,…得要命 feel (sth) very strongly
〔说明〕 die of作此解时只用于现在进行时.
▲be dying of sth
I am dying of boredom!我烦得要死!
The children are dying of curiosity to see what's in the parcel.孩子们出于好奇,迫不及待地想看看包裹中是什么东西.
die off (v.+adv.)
(一组生命体)一个接一个地死去直到死光 die one by one
〔说明〕 die off的主语是人或动物的时候用复数,用于比喻时可以是单数.
▲die off
Her friends are all dying off.她的朋友正相继死去.
The deer in the forest are all dying off from disease.林中的鹿一个接一个地病死了.
The trees have been dying off during the severe winter, and there are few left.在严冬,树一棵一棵地死掉了,剩下的寥寥无几了.
The bamboo forest burst into flower and then died off.竹林突然开花,然后一株一株死掉了.
This species is dying off.该物种面临绝种.
The rumble of thunder died off.隆隆雷声逐渐消失.
die out (v.+adv.)
(指物种、家族、习惯、观念等)绝迹,消失 cease to exist; disappear
▲die out
He is the last of the family; after his death the name will die out.他是他家族活在这世上的最后一个成员,他一死,他们家族便不复存在了.
Some species died out.有些物种灭绝了.
This kind of bird is dying out.这种鸟行将灭绝.
If too many of these rare animals are killed, their kind will die out.如果过多地*这些稀有动物,它们很快就会绝迹.
Traditional grocers'shops are fast dying out now that there are so many supermarkets.由于出现了许多超级市场,传统的杂货店铺正逐渐消失.
Many old customs are gradually dying out.许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失.
It's time this selfish habit died out.这种自私的习惯该消除了.
That style of music died out ten years ago.那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了.
die with (v.+prep.)
▲die with sb/sth
1.伴有…而死 die having (sth/sb)
He died with his family all around him, and with his soul at peace.全家人都在他身旁,他带着一颗平静的心死去了.
The old man died with the demands that weren't met.老人带着没有完成的心愿死去了.
She died with peace and happiness.她带着安详和幸福死去了.
He died with a grievance.他含冤而死.
2.随着(某人的死)而丧失,消失 be lost at the death of (sb)
His secret died with him, and now we shall never know the truth.他的秘密随他一起离去,现在我们永远也不可能知道真相了.
词语辨析
die by, die for, die from, die of
这组短语都表示“死亡的原因”.其区别在于:
1.die from和die of意思相同,用die of时较多.die from一般指害病、疲劳、负伤、饥渴、辛苦、失望等致死, die of常指饮食过度、工作过度、饮酒过量等致死.
2.die for表示为了理想、事业而献身或因犯罪而被处死.例如:
He died for his belief.他为了自己的信仰而献身了.
He died for the crime he had committed.他因所犯的罪行而被处死.
3.die by则多表示横死.例如:
He died by his own hand.他自杀了.
1.他去世三年了.
［误］He has died for three years.
［正］He died three years ago.
［析］die是瞬间动词,不可与for引起的表示一段时间的状语搭配.
2.他三年前死的.
［误］He was died three years ago.
［正］He died three years ago.
［析］die主要用作不及物动词,不能构成被动结构.偶尔用作及物动词时接同源名词death作宾语.
3.他们虽然死了,但他们为祖国争得了荣誉.
［误］Although they died, they have won the honour for their country.
［正］Although they are dead, they have won the honour for their country.
［析］die的过去式一般只用在如“说明何时死的,生什么病死的,死时年轻(富有或贫穷)等”场合,英美人习惯用be dead表示“某人已死
下面各句都是“他死了”的委婉说法:
He is no more.
It is all over for him.
He has passed away.
He departed from this life.
He slept the final sleep.
He was numbered among the dead.
He has breathed his last.
He fell in the battle.
在英美军人的俚语里,还可以用:He's had it,He's bought it,He's had his time,He's handed in his chips等.