hold down ,hold up ,hold back ,hold out的含义

hold out
1.坚持
How long can we hold out?
我们能坚持多久?
2.维持
How long will our food supplies hold out?
我们的粮食还能维持多久?
3.给予
The doctors hold out little hope of his recovery.
医生们对他的康复不抱多大希望.
hold up
1.阻碍
They were held up by fog.
他们被雾所阻.
2.拦截
The criminals held up the train.
罪犯拦截了火车.
3.举出
Don't hold me up as a model husband.
别把我推举为模范丈夫.
hold off
1.(使)不接近
His cold manner holds people off.
他冷淡的态度使人无法接近.
2.拖延
They will hold off their decision until Monday.
他们将延至星期一再作决定.
hold back
1.抑制
Jim was able to hold back his anger.
吉姆抑制住了愤怒.
2.阻碍
He was held back from further promotion.
他没得到进一步的升级.
3.退缩
When danger came,no one held back.
危险降临时,无人退缩.
4.隐瞒
Don't hold anything back.
别隐瞒什么.
hold down
1.保有(工作等)
Jim has not held down a job for more than a year.
没有一份工作吉姆能保住一年.
2.抑制;压制
We must hold down prices.
我们必须控制物价.
辨析：hold up指用暴力或武力威胁抢劫,有明确目的
hold back扣住,保留抑制的意思