动名词可以当定语?请举例.且其与分词作定语有何区别?

V-ing的用法-----动名词和现在分词的区别
V-ing在英语中可看作是动名词和现在分词.
一.V-ing做动名词
具有名词的特征,在句中作主语,表语,宾语,定语.有时可有自己的逻辑主语.
例子:Seeing(主语) is believing.(表语)
★Would you mind opening the window?(宾语)
★The reading room is bright and large.(定语,表用途/作用)
二.V-ing作现在分词.
具有形容词的特征,在句中当定语,表语,宾补,主补,状语.
例子:The rising sun looks very beautiful.(定语,表动作正在进行)
★The boy talking with the teacher is our monitor.(分词短语当定语则在所修饰名词的后面当后置定语.)
= The boy who is talking with the teacher is our monitor.
★The music is exciting.(表语,表主语的性质,特征可用Very,so,such等修饰)
★When I came in,I found many students sleeping.(宾语补足语)
注意:find/see/hear/watch/observe/notice + sb + doing (强调动作正在进行)
+ do (强调整个过程)
catch/keep/leave +sb +doing
★使役动词:have/make sb doing ------ we tried our best,but still couldn’t have the machine running.(强调启动,进入工作状态.在此,现在分词强调进行的状态或持续状态.)
have/make/let sb do----------Mother always let the children wash their hands before having meal.(强调与children的关系为主动关系.即children 是wash的执行者)
have/make/ let sth done-------My bike is broken,I want to have it repaired.(强调与it 的关系为被动关系.即bike是repair的承受者)
get sb doing------we tried our best,but still couldn’t get the machine running.(强调启动,进入工作状态.在此,现在分词强调进行的状态或持续状态.)
get sb to do----- Who can get this sick horse to eat?(to do 强调还没发生,或强调整个过程,其跟前面的名词的关系为主动关系.)
get sth done------ My bike is broken,I want to get it repaired.(于前面have/make/let sth done一样的用法)
辨析:
一.动名词与现在分词当定语时的辨析:
★动名词:说明它所修饰的名词的作用和用途.
★现在分词:表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,与所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个定语从句.
例如:There is a swimming pool in our school.(动名词,表用途,作用)
= There is a pool for swimming in our school.
★I found a sleeping baby on the bed.(现在分词,表正在进行的动作)
= I found a baby who is sleeping on the bed.
★The boy standing there is my classmate.(现在分词,表正在进行的动作.)= The boy who is standing there is my classmate.
二.动名词与现在分词当表语时的辨析:
★动名词:表主语的内容,相当于一个名词,不能用very,so,quite等修饰.
★现在分词:表主语的特征或性质.相当于一个形容词,可用very,so quite,such等修饰.
例如:Seeing is believing.(动名词)
★This book is very interesting.(现在分词)
三.现在分词当表语时于进行时的区别:
★现在分词:主语具备的性质,描述的是一种状态.
★进行时:强调动作正在发生,侧重对动作的描述.
例如:The book is very interesting.(现在分词,表示书的性质是一本有趣的书.)
★We are having English class.(进行时,表动作正在进行.)