就是介绍麋鹿的生活习性,它的灭绝原因,及其现在状况等.

The Pere David's deer is one kind of large-scale herbivore, the length of body 170-217 centimeters, the tail length 60-75 centimeters, the shoulder reaches as high as 122-137 centimeters, the body weight 120-180 kilograms, the female build is slightly smaller than the male gender. On female does not have the angle, around the male angle's shape is special, does not have the eyebrow pitchfork, the angle to do above the angle base divides into two, first extends upwardly, around then divides into two again, on each small branch grows some small pitchforks again, latter straight extends backward, sometimes the terminal also grows some small pitchforks, the longest angle may amount to 80 centimeters. Male fawn when two years old the silique furcation, 6 year old of fork only then grows completely. Big, kisses long and narrow, the tip of the nose exposed part is spacious, the eye is small, kuang under the gland is remarkable. The four limbs are sturdy, main hoof spacious, multi-meats, has developed hangs the hoof, the walk time has the resounding * sound. The tail is specially long, has the down, assumes the cinereus, the thoracic and abdominal area is the yellow white, the terminal is the vandyck brown. Summer the pili for the red rust color, on the nape has a black all kinds longirudinal striation, the abdomen and the buttocks is the brown white. In September the later pili substitutes for by long and the thick pessimistic winter wool. Because the Pere David's deer “the hoof resembles Niu Feiniu, the head resembles Ma Feima, the tail resembles the donkey non-donkey, the angle resembles Lu Feilu”, therefore is named as “the weird creature”.
The Pere David's deer good gets on well with others, the friendly swimming, likes take the tender grass and other aquatic plants as the food. Seeks a mate to be in heat begins in the end of June, continues about 6 weeks, in mid-July reaches the high tide. The male beastly personality becomes suddenly hot tempered, not only has the intermittent cry, but also selects by the angle, shoots the urine, the tumbling, from kuang under the gland secretion's liquid will smudge on the bough. Between the male beast often occurs confronts the phenomenon which, the angle fights. The female beast's period of pregnancy is about 270 days, is in Lu Lei the period of pregnancy is longest, generally bears young in next year April to May. The newborn baby body weight probably is 12 kilograms, the coat color dried orange and has the floccosoids, 6-8 weeks later floccosoids vanishing, is born for 3 months later, the body weight will amount to 70 kilograms. when 2 years old the nature is mature, the life is 20 years old.
This present life Pere David's deer is called reaches to plant, from the fossil which discovered looked, the Pere David's deer is also has 4 kinds, namely the bifurcation plants, south the Jin the kind, Lantian to plant with * plants. The Pere David's deer is the animal which one kind is only restricted in the Quaternary Period mid and late part, from the known more than 190 Pere David's deer fossil unearthed place confirmed that in history west Pere David's deer's distribution area to Shanxi's Fenhe River basin, north to Liaoning's Kangping, south to the Zhejiang Yuyao, east to coastal plain and islands. To the epipleistocene, the Pere David's deer population rapidly expand, has achieved prosperously to the entire pleistocene epoch intermediate stage, but Shangzhou later the Pere David's deer rapidly will decline.
Because the primitive humanity the population density is low, the productive forces level is low, does not constitute to Pere David's deer's threat. But after Shangzhou, because natural factors and so on vicissitude, Pere David's deer own reason and jamming, have created Pere David's deer's unceasing reduction
Looking from the natural factor, because the Pere David's deer is one kind of affection warm moist animal, but the Chinese nearly 5 millenniums come the temperature is changes cold gradually, the bog and the waters also obviously reduce, natural environment's change has the tremendous influence to the Pere David's deer.
Looking from own factor, the Pere David's deer is in the deer class animal the docile one kind. According to we many year raising, the observation, the Pere David's deer runs the speed to be inferior to the sika and the deer, the oestrus period male deer does not look like the sika, the red deer, the white-lipped deer such attack person, moreover occupies the group male deer to see that the human close namely escapes. When the breast-feeding period, the human hits the earmark, the survey to the baby, the baby cry can only attract the doe in the distant place to wait and see, but does not look like other deer such, the doe to protect the baby to attack the human. Between the male Pere David's deer to compete for spouse's angle to fight is very temperate, intense dashing with wide range's migration, the time which the angle fights has not surpassed 10 minutes, the loser is only generally turns around gets out of the way, the victor no longer pursues fights, very little has between deer's disabled phenomenon. After male Lu Zhanqun, other male deer peep at when the doe, occupies group male Lu Jinyong to roar with ways and so on chase expels opposite party. Above these characteristics had decided they evade the hostile organism ability difference, easily captures and kills by the natural enemy and the humanity. The Pere David's deer mainly picks the food aquatic and the terrestrial gramineae and the leguminous plant, the feeding habits narrow is also the Pere David's deer survival is threaten own factor.
The population growth and the agricultural development, has invaded Pere David's deer's life region. Humanity's capturing and killing, serious influence Pere David's deer's survival. The archaeology discovered that before 10,000 years to 4 millenniums, in human ruins unearthed Pere David's deer skeleton's quantity, with family pig skeleton's quantity quite. Obviously at that time the Pere David's deer was treated as by the humanity food to encounter hunts and kills massively. In the armor classical Chinese literature records, ancient times one time obtained by hunting Pere David's deer's quantity to reach 348. Moreover the Pere David's deer is also made each drugs which treats an illness and builds up strength, "Native Chinese Plants" records, “the elk deer velvet merit strives to defeat the velvet .Deer velvet of angle the elk makes up cloudy, mainly treats all blood sickness, the physique waist knee is sore, nourishes yin the profit kidney .” "Peng Zu To take after", "Family Buddhist scriptures Proven prescription" and the modern age "Medicinal prescription Medicinal preparation Big Dictionary", with the elk velvet, the angle, the bone and so on Fang Jijiu who makes the formula has several dozens items. The Pere David's deer also becomes the humanity from this for the object which treats an illness chases down and kills.
The natural factor, Pere David's deer own factor are the Pere David's deer distribution area reduce the reason which gradually, quantity reduces, but human activity's disturbance is the Pere David's deer moves toward the determining factor which the open country exterminates.