英语句式有哪些需要倒装

一般来说,倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装.有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的,有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的.
一、全部倒装
1．以here, there, now,
then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前.这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如：
Here comes the train!
There goes the bell!
注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装结构.如：
Here it comes! ／ There it goes!
2．有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结尾,构成不及物动词短语.这时,为了使句子更形象,常将这些副词提前到句首.这时,句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装.（注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词.如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构.）如：
Up went the rocket．
Up it went．
3．为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句首,构成全部倒装.注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如：
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker．
4．表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装.如：
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．
5．so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义,neither／nor表示否定意义）.如：
She has finished her homework,so has her brother．
She hasn’t gone there, neither／nor has he．
但如果so表示强调, 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时,
其结构是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物.如：
She knows little English,so she does． 她英语懂得不多.她的确如此.
二．部分倒装
1．用于疑问句中.如：
How did you do that?
Did you see the film yesterday?
2．用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中.如果我们将连词if省略,应把were, had,
should提到主语前面.如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him．
→Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him．
3．用于as引导的让步状语从句中.as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式：
1) 副词置于句首.如：
Much as I like it (＝Although I like it very much), I
will not buy it．
2) 动词原形置于句首.如
Wait as you may(＝Although you may wait), he will not
see you．
3) 形容词或名词置于句首.如：
Proud as the nobles are (＝Although the nobles are
proud), they are afraid to see me．
Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he can
tell right from wrong．
注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词.如：
A bad-tempered man as he is (＝Although he is a
bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply．
4．具有否定意义的副词或连词(not,hardly,no sooner, not until,
seldom,not once,at no time,never,little等) 置于句首时,
句子（主句）采用部分倒装.如：
Little do we know about him．
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell
asleep．
Seldom does he come back on Sundays．
Not until he came back did I know about it．
5．only修饰句子的状语（从句）位于句首时,句子（主句）要用部分倒装.如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English．
Only when a child grows up does he understand his
parents’ intentions．
但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装.如：
Only socialism can save China．
(only修饰的是句子的主语,故仍用正常语序.)
6．not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时,第一个分句应使用部分倒装.如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he
often helps others with their lessons．
7．so…that结构中的倒装.有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so
连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首.这时,主句要用倒装结构.如：
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others．
→So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others．
He is so clever that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book．
→So clever is he that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book． （全部倒装）
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序（the natural order）.在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装（ the inverted order）.
倒装分两种：配合语法条例的倒装,叫“grammatical inversion”；配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”.
语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列 7 种：
⒈疑问句,如：
● Can you do it?
● How old are you?
● When did you know him?
● Why did you elect him as captain?
● Which of these apples do you prefer?
但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如：
● Who is your English teacher?
● What happened last night?
⒉表示“愿望”的句子,如：
● May God bless you.
● Long live the king!
⒊“There”引导的句子,如：
● There are many cars on the road.
● There stand some big trees near the river.
● There is a security guard outside the bank.
⒋感叹句,如：
● How beautiful the flower is!
● What a smart boy you are!
⒌有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子,如：
● Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.
● She can't sing; neither can he.
● John has never been late; nor have I.
⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如：
● Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
● Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
● Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
⒎“as, however”连接的让步副词分句,如：
● Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
● However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句.
● Never have I seen such a wicked man.
● On no account must this employee be removed.
● Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
● No sooner had I left than the rain came.
● Up jumped the puppy.
● In came John.
● Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.
● Out came a woman and her maid.