康德哲学---道德的形而上学1 在康德哲学中hypothetical 和categorical imperatives的区别?2 为什么moral command 需要有hypothetical imperative?3 在康德哲学中moral law的“ground”是什么?4 康德的第二formulation of the categorical imperative是什么?用的是哪四个例子?

又是康德的道德论...
1.在康德哲学中hypothetical 和categorical imperatives的区别?
"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." 这句话是康德对categorical imperative的定义.简单来说,就是在所有可能发生的情形下的绝对的,无条件的行为规范.
与hypothetical imperatives的区别：hypothetical imperative是在一种情形下的必须行为.比如“如果我想解渴,就必须喝点东西”.虽然categorical imperative是对其的绝对化结果.但是它们都是end in itself的概念.
2.为什么moral command 需要有hypothetical imperative?
hypothetical imperative是对绝对道德规则之外的行为准则划定的界限,是对“应该”而不是“必须”做的事的定义.这种行为准则与categorical imperative一样,必须来自自我理性意愿,也就是实用理性主义的结果.
3.在康德哲学中moral law的“ground”是什么?
就是categorical imperative...= =
4.康德的第二formulation of the categorical imperative是什么?用的是哪四个例子?
你是不是懒得看书啊...
Second formulation:
"Act in such a way that you treat humanity,whether in your own person or in the person of any other,always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means to an end."
例子自己去看书...