请求详细解析一道英语阅读题D Grown－ups know that people and objects are solid.At the movies,we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise,all we will feel is air.But does a baby have this understanding?To see whether babies know objects are solid,T.Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像）of a hanging ball.His plan was to first give babies a real ball,one they could reach out and touch ,and then to show them the illusion.If they knew that
请求详细解析一道英语阅读题
D
Grown－ups know that people and objects are solid.At the movies,we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise,all we will feel is air.But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid,T.Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像）of a hanging ball.His plan was to first give babies a real ball,one they could reach out and touch ,and then to show them the illusion.If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air,they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements.All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown－ups also have a sense of object permanence.We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be there when we come back.But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old.In his experiments,Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen.When 16－week－old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen,they looked to the right,expecting it to reappear.If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen,all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train.This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence.But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case.The researcher substituted（替换）a ball for the train when it went behind the screen.The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train.But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch（更换）.Thus,the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of“something permanence,”while the 22－week－old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
68.The passage is mainly about _____.
A.babies’ sense of sight B.effects of experiments on babies
C.babies’ understanding of objects D.different tests on babies’ feelings
69.In Paragraph 3,“object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object ________.
A.still exists B.keeps its shape
C.still stays solid D.is beyond reach
70.What did Bower use in his experiments?
A.A chair.B.A screen.C.A film.D.A box.
71.Which of the following statements is true?
A.The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B.The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C.The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D.The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.
68.C 69.A 70.B 71.D
请求写出给出每个答案的依据，
CABD
68、 If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements
这句话中的they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements
表示说。如果小孩show surprise 的话，就说明他们可以认知道原本在的东西不见了，这是对事物的一种认识。而不是A所说的视觉效果，因为他们都是可以看到的。B是实验堆baby的影响也不对，D是不同的实验来测试baby的感觉，也不对
69 、We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
这短话是说把box藏在门背后，然后当box消失的时候看baby是否会惊讶，显然16周和22周的baby给出了不同的反应。所以答案显然是A。
70、文章第三段以后很多次提到了screen，所以实验者显然用到了screen
来作为道具，所以选B
71、可以用排除法来做：A，实验中给孩子们看到东西在哪里，并且孩子可以找到。所以错B，train 和ball 是实验者的道具，并不是baby的选择。所以错C，这是实验者的实验，不是baby自主想要做的事情。所以错
答案只有D是正确的，孩子无法辨别真实的东西跟视觉虚拟的东西。
既然你在做这种题目,你的英文理解能力应该不会太低.而要解释这类答案,其中有一些就需要在你理解全文的基础上,才有可能.
例如,68的正确答案之所以是C,就是因为全文谈的就是“babies’ understanding of objects”这个主题,这是需要你读后归纳出来的.当然,其中一个可称为捷径的办法就是看一看每段的第一句,即英文所说的topical sentence.这里的三段的第一句分别为“Grown－ups know that people and objects are solid.”“Grown－ups also have a sense of object permanence.”和“babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old.”由此就可以断定主题与babies和objects有关.
69.的问题“object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object ________.答案当然是A.still exists .你只要根据原文的介绍,运用排除法和常识排除掉三个答案就行了.
70.同理,第三段里面的实验指提到使用的screen,当然就只能是B了.
71.同样运用排除法,既然A、B、C的陈述文中都没有提到,当然就只能是D了.
这四道题中,只有第一段难些,需要读通、读懂全文.这就需要长期实践和短期突击相结合了.