however的用法

However ，adv.used when you are adding a fact or piece of imformation that seems surpising ,or seems to disagree with what you have just said ,然而，不过，但是。
conj.in whatever way ,不管用什么方法

However的用法主要有以下两点：
（一）用作连接副词,相当于no matter how,引导让步状语从句,意思是“不管怎样……”“无论如何……”,具体结构有以下两种：
1．however+形容词+主语+系动词,例：
However rich people are,they always seem anxious to take more money.
无论人们有多富裕,他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱.
2．however+副词+主语+谓语,例：
However fast he runs,he can’t catch up with us. 无论他跑得多快也不能赶上我们.
（二）用作连词,引导让步状语从句,意思是“怎么样都行”.例：
In one’s own home one can acts however he wishes. 在自己家里一个人想干什么都行.
Whatever的用法主要有以下两点：
（一）引导名词性从句,相当于anything that,意思是“所……的任何事情”,在语气上比what更加强调.例：
Whatever she did was right. 她所做的一切都是对的.
Take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么吧.
（二）引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter what,意思是“无论什么”,“不管什么”,whatever在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语.例：
Whatever happens,you mustn’t lose your heart.
无论发生什么事情,你都不要丧失信心.
Whatever you do,do it well.
无论你做什么事情都要把它做好.
Whatever I am,it is useful to know foreign languages.
无论我干什么,懂几门外语总是有用的.
You have to go on whatever difficulties you meet.
不管遇到什么困难你都得进行下去.
让我们再来看看前面所提到的那三道高考题.1-3题的答案分别为D、B、C,很明显,第1小题和第3小题考查however引导让步状语从句的用法；第2小题考查whatever引导宾语从句的用法.
希望以上的解答对有帮助,今后在学习中有问题请到http://www.haofudao.com
回答者： suxinding520 | 五级 | 2010-9-12 10:11 | 检举

不管however以何种形式出现,它都不外乎以下两种用法.
1. 用作副词
(1) 表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”,用来修饰形容词或副词,其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语.这样用的however其实具有连词的功能,用以引导让步状语从句.如：
Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话,不论多么晚也要打.
However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少,他永远吃不胖.
However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷,他都去游泳.
You won’t move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气有多大,也休想搬动那块石头.
However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight 不管有多远,我今晚也要开车到那儿去.
用于此用法时,请注意以下几点：
①此用法属however所有用法中最重要的考点,同学们务请引起高度重视.
②这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义.如：
People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富.
However [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作,她从来没满意过.
③有时从句谓语可用情态动词.如：
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 无论多么有趣也不要笑.
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难,我也要按时完成.
④“however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语”有时可以有所省略.如：
I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利,我都不干.(conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小,我宁愿一个人住一间,而不愿意与别人合住一个房间.
A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则,不管如何正确,除非能懂,否则毫无用处.
(2) 表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时,表示转折,其意为“可是”“仍然”等.可放在句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开.如：
My father, however, did not agree. 但是,我父亲不同意.
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房间很小,但却很舒服.
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此,可是他错了.
注：however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号).如：
我们都已尽了最大的努力,不过我们还是输了.
误：We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
(3) 表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法,其意为“究竟怎样,到底以什么方式”.如：
However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?
However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聋成这个样子,究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?
2. 用作连词
用作连词,引导方式状语从句,表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”.如：
However it may be, I shall take your word. 无论如何,我将会相信你的话.
However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决.
However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days. 无论你怎么个走法,至少要两天时间.
The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲.
三、however命题切入点分析
高考以however切入命题的可能性主要有两个方面：
1. 直接考查however的用法
如考查其句型结构(尤其是词序),考查它与其他相似词语whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever等在用法和意义上的区别.如：
(1) _____ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. However D. Wherever
【分析】答案选C.however 用于修饰形容词rich,在意义上相当于no matter how.
(2) We should report any incident, _____.
A. however serious or minor it is B. how serious or minor is it
C. it is how serious or minor D. it is however serious or minor
【分析】答案选A.however 引导让步状语从句时的语序为“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”.
(3) _____ I say, he always disagrees.
A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever
【分析】答案选B.whatever 在此用作动词say的宾语,在意义上相当于 no matter what.
(4) _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever
【分析】答案选A.根据句意可知,说话者强调的是地点,故用wherever.
2. 用however作为干扰项进行考查.如：
An awful accident _____, however, occur the other day.
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
【分析】此题正确答案应选B,句末的 the other day 意为“前几天”,所以句子应用过去时态,而选项D不合题意,故选B.此句有两个难点：一是句中插有 however 一词,分散了同学们的注意力；二是所填选项B为许多同学所不熟悉的强调用法.