一般将来时的几种语法形式
一般将来时的几种语法形式
现将这四种形式分述如下: 一、shall/will+动词原形 1. will可用于所有人称,但shall 仅表示单纯将来时,用于第一人称I和we,作为will的一种替代形式.以You and I为主语时通常避免用shall. 例如: He will be back soon. 他很快就会回来. I shall/will be free on Sunday. 星期天我有空. You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我将在同一工厂工作. 2. will,shall可用来预言将来发生的事.如说出我们设想会发生的事,或者请对方预言将要发生什么事.例如: It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨. 3. will,shall除可表示单纯的将来时以外,还可以带有意愿的色彩,仍指的是将来.例如: I'll buy you a bicycle for your birthday. 你过生日时,我给你买一辆自行车.(表示允诺) Will you open the door for me please?请你帮我开门好吗?(表示请求) Shall I get your coat for you? 我可以为你拿外套吗?(表示提议) 二、be going to+动词原形 1. 表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象,判断将要或即将发生某种情况.这类句子的主语可以是人,也可是物.例如: There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛.(已有告示) I feel terrible.I think I'm going to die. 我感到难受极了,我想我快不行了. Look at those black clouds!It's going to rain. 看看那些乌云!天快要下雨了. 2. 表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定,即打算在最近或将来进行某事.这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的.例如: He isn't going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥. Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 玛丽决定长大了当一名教师. 3. 只是单纯地预测未来的事,此时可与will互换.例如: I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我认为今晚要下雨. 注意: (1)be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同.be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will多表示意愿、决心.两者有时不能互换.例如: He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力学习,准备参加考试.(不能用will替换) —Can somebody help me? ——谁能帮我一下吗? —I will. ——我来.(不能用be going to替换) (2)在if之后,通常不用will表示预言,但可以用be going to表示意图.例如: If you are going to go to the cinema this evening,you'd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看电影,最好带着外套. be going to也常可以用于主句之中.例如: If you invite Jack,there's going to be trouble. 如果你邀请杰克,那就要惹麻烦了. 如果表示将来的意愿,will可用于条件从句.此时will为情态动词.例如: If you will learn to play football,I'll help you. 如果你想学踢足球,我可以帮你. 三、现在进行时 表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,send,move,travel,fly等)和其它几个动作动词(如do,begin,work,spend,play,stay,happen,have,finish,join,eat,die,meet等)常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示在最近将要发生某事.这些事是事先安排好的.例如: The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭. What are you doing tomorrow? 明天你做什么? The train is arriving at nine o'clock. 火车将在九点钟到. 在特定的上下文中,这类动词有时也可不带时间状语.例如: —Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow . —Why?What's happening ? ——明天穿你的旧衣服来上学. ——为什么?有什么事? 四、一般现在时 1. 动词be;表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,arrive,leave,return等)和表示“开始,结束”的动词(如start,begin,open,finish,end,close等)与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生,日程不易改变,口气肯定.例如: School finishes on January 18th. 学期一月十八日结束. Are you free next Tuesday evening? 下周二晚上你有空吗? The party starts at four thirty,doesn't it? 晚会四点半开始,是吗? Mr Green leaves Beijing for home tomorrow. 格林先生定于明天离京返家. 2. 在由when,before,as soon as,until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来.例如: If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we’ll go to the East Lake. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去东湖. I must finish my homework before my mother returns. 我必须在妈妈回来之前做完家庭作业. 3. 在hope后接表示将来时间的宾语从句中,也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,hope的主语往往是第一人称.例如: I hope you(will)have a good holiday. 我希望你假日愉快. I hope he comes(will come). 我希望他会来. 练习:将下列句子改为将来时,相应地更改或增添时间状语. (1) I write to him once a month . (2) Lucy is working hard . (3) At what time do you have dinner ? (4) Don't you play football on Saturdays ? (5) Do you go to work by bus ? 答案: (1) I shall/am going to write to him tomorrow . (2) Lucy will/is going to work hard . (3) At what time will you have dinner?/At what time are you going to have dinner ? (4) Won't you play football on Saturdays ?/Aren't you going to play football on Saturdays ? (5) Will you go to work by bus?延伸阅读:一般将来时语法学法指导本文转载地址:|更多