Why and how did English Parliament come into being?中、英文都可以.先在此谢过!

在何种情况下,英国国会是怎么形成的?
英国国会（The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）是英国和英国海外领土（独自享有议会主权，Parliamentary sovereignty）的最高立法机关。英国国会的首领为英国君主；它还包括上议院（The House of Lords）和下议院（The House of Commons）。上议院*分为两种：上议院神职*（Lords Spiritual）即英国国教（Church of England）中的高级神职人员和上议院世俗*（Lords Temporal）即贵族成员。上议院*大部分是以指派方式产生。下议院则恰恰相反，是由*选举产生。上议院和下议院位于大伦敦威斯敏斯特市威斯敏斯特宫（Palace of Westminster，即国会大厦，Houses of Parliament）不同的房间内。
英国国会是由早期为君主提出治国建议的政务会发展而来。理论上国会的权力并不归属于国会，而属于“君临国会”（Queen-in-Parliament，或国王：King-in-Parliament）。尽管有争议，国会中的女王仍常被认为是完整的君主主权。现代的国会权力属于通过*选举而产生的下议院；君主仅作为象征意义的领袖，而由非选举产生的上议院，其权力也十分有限。
由于以英联邦国家为代表的许多国家，其立法机构以英国国会为原型，英国国会通常被称作“国会之母”。但这却是对约翰·布赖特（John Bright）的错误引用。实际上，他是在1865年1月18日一篇支持建立国会*的先锋国家扩大投票权利的文章中谈到“英格兰是国会之母”。

1265 -In Westminster,the first English parliament conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster,now also known as the "Houses of Parliament".
The Sinn Féin deputies abstained from taking their seats at Westminster and instead held the first meeting of Dáil Éireann in January 1919,where they approved the Declaration of Independence,adopted a Provisional Constitution and established a court system.British attempts to suppress what it regarded as a seditious association were met with armed nationalist resistance in what was called the War of Independence.In an effort to resolve the Irish question,Westminster passed the Government of Ireland Act,1920,which partitioned Ireland into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland,each with its own parliament.Both parliaments would be ultimately subject to the English Parliament and would be required to send some members to sit in Westminster.The Act reorganised the court system in each jurisdiction to comprise a High Court and Court of Appeal,as well as a High Court of Appeal for Ireland to hear appeals from the respective Courts of Appeal.