spend有哪些用法?

问题描述:

spend有哪些用法?

spend的用法
1. 在使用spend时,主语只能是表示人的名词或代词。例如:
Andy spent a lot of money on books. Andy花了很多钱买书。
2. 若表示"在......上花费(时间、金钱等)",常用句型spend some money/ some time on sth.,介词on后接名词或代词。例如:
Kitty spends two hours on her homework every day. Kitty每天花两个小时做家庭作业。
3. 若表示"花费(时间、金钱等)做某事",则常用句型spend some money / some time (in) doing sth.,此时第二个动词要用动词-ing形式,介词in可以省略。例如:
They spent 4450 yuan buying the big colour TV set. 他们买那台大彩电花了4450元。
另外,spend也有"度过"的意思。例如:
They want to spend their summer holiday in the country.他们想去乡下过暑假
相关近义词比较:take, cost,spend
一、根据主语辨析
虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人。如:
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I spent an hour writing the letter. (译文同上)
The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。
It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。
注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost them a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费他们不少钱。
二、根据宾语辨析
take 的宾语通常是时间,cost 的宾语通常是钱,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
三、根据句型辨析
从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事

spend [spend]
vt.
1. 用(钱),花费:
He spent too much money on horse racing.
他在赌赛马上花了很多钱。
2. 耗费,花费(时间、精力等);度过:
to spend time watching TV看电视消磨时光
You really shouldn't spend so much effort on it.
你真不该在这件事上花费这么大的精力。
I spent my childhood happily in my hometown.
我在家乡愉快地度过了孩提时段。
3. 耗尽,用尽(气力等):
He spent all his energy climbing up the hill.
他耗尽全身气力爬上了山顶。
The typhoon had spent its fury.台风的势头已经减弱了。
4. 为…洒热血,献身于
5. 浪费,滥用:
to spend one's power滥用职权
We should not spend our fortune.我们不能浪费钱财。
6. (船因风暴等)失去(桅杆)
7. (鱼等)射(精);产(卵)
vi.
1. 花钱;花时间;耗费精力:
No need to spend too much.不必要花太多的钱。
2. [废语]用尽,被耗尽
n.
1. 消费总量,消费总额,消费总数,(供)花费的金额
2. [常用复数][英国方言、口语] = spending money
变形: vt.spent spending

把下面的句子背出来,对你的考试有用:(注意大写的地方)
1 He spent two weeks WITH his colleagues IN Beijing visitING different schools there.
2 He spent 1760 yuan ON his new Japanese bike.

sb spend st\sm on sth
in doing sth