英语里实义动词有哪些?

问题描述:

英语里实义动词有哪些?

实义动词意思完全,能独立用作谓语.
实义动词即行为动词,表示动作的动词.它分为及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词 vt.后面必须跟宾语
常见及物动词有:afford,allow,blame,bring,contain,deny,enjoy,examine,excuse,fetch,fix,get,greet interest,worry,guss,please,surprise,love等
例:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议.(consider作及物动词)
Dr.Bethune set us a good example.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样.(set作及物动词)
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质.(contain作及物动词)
不及物动词 vi.后面不用接宾语
常见的不及物动词有:appear come go get fall feel keep look make prove remain rest rise seem stand stay turn die等
例:Birds fly.鸟会飞.
  It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月.
  My watch stopped.我的表停了.
  She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言.
兼作及物动词和不及物动词
注:英语中许多词既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词,比如常见的ask,want,tell,allow..一大堆呢,在此就不一一举例.
  a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较:
  Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
  She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词)
  When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
  They left last week.他们是上周离开的.(left 作不及物动词)
  b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如:
  Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.
  Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗?
另外,与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法完全不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
  a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听.英语里这些动词后面常接介词.如:
  We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
  Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
  Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可以省去)
  b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务.
  Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务