定语从句中怎么判断用关系代词还是关系副词?

问题描述:

定语从句中怎么判断用关系代词还是关系副词?

第一步、 看定语从句中缺少什么成分以确定是选用关系代词还是关系副词。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时,则这个关系词应是关系代词;如果定语从句中缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语,那么我们应该选用关系副词。如:
This is the book ____ I want.
此句定语从句是I want,经分析,want 是个及物动词,须带宾语,也就是说,定语从句中缺少宾语,由此我们可知空上所填应是关系代词。这就是第一步,确定关系代词还是关系副词。
第二步、 看先行词。要弄明白先行词是指人还是指物以及是否受到序数词、*等词的修饰以进一步圈定先行词。如在上面例句中,先行词是 the book, 是指物且无其他的修饰词,由此我们可以判断关系代词可用which 或that。
通过以上这两个步骤我们就可以确定关系词,但有一点要注意,这两个步骤的顺序不可以弄错,一旦弄错很容易陷入误区。如:
This is the reason ____he explained to us.
如果学生先看先行词很容易选用why, 而实际上从句中缺少宾语(he explained the reason to us, 定语从句中缺少the reason)应选用关系代词,这一点就可以排除关系副词why。比较下面两个句子:
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?
2. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we stayed three months ago?
这两个句子看似无差异,但答案不一样。我们按照以上所说步骤顺序来进行分析:在例 1 中,定语从句的谓语visited, 是及物动词,其后应接宾语,换句话说,定语从句中缺少宾语应选用关系代词,然后看先行词,the chicken farm 指物且无序数词、*等特殊修饰词修饰,所以关系代词应是that 或 which;而例 2 中,定语从句的谓语是不及物动词stayed,不能接宾语,也就是从句中缺少状语,且先行词是表示地点的名词,所以它的答案是关系副词where。如果我们先看先行词来进行选择,很可能会走进误区。
判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

基本方法如下:先把主句和定语从句分开,再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词(即先行词),然后放入定语从句中,看看这两者的搭配情况.1)如果定语从句和该先行词可以直接相连,且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话,则用关系...