The strategy that he came up with worked out fine为什么with后面的不用加ing

因为with不是动名词

The strategy that he came up with worked out fine.
说明：
这是一个定语从句，先行词是The strategy ，什么样的strategy呢？
后面的that从句that he came up with 做了限定。The strategy that
he came up with是整个句子的主语，worked out 是整个句子的谓语。

that he came up with 是定语从句,with原来的宾语是现在的先行词strategy
所以with和worked 是没关系的
主句是The strategy worked out fine
全句：他想出来的策略很管用.

come up with表示想出来的意思
这里指he came up with the strategy
整个句子的结构：
The strategy主语：
that he came up with定语从句修饰主语
worked out fine整个句子的谓语
也就是说，the strategy是came up with的宾语。