动名词和不定动词!"Playing" computer games too much is bad for your eyes.这句话为什么要用Playing而不用To play动名词和不定动词的区别是什么?什么时候该用哪个?
动名词和不定动词!
"Playing" computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
这句话为什么要用Playing而不用To play
动名词和不定动词的区别是什么?
什么时候该用哪个?
动词作主语时,就是在句首 要加ing 【除了祈使句】,
不定动词 动词不定式的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分.
一、作主语
⑴动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数.例如:
To do morning exercises is useful for our health.做早操有利于我们的健康.
⑵如果动词不定式太长,常常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置.例如:
It is very important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是重要的.
二、作宾语
⑴能够接动词不定式作宾语的动词常用的有 ask,agree,beg,decide,determine,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish 及 would like/love 等,但 finish,enjoy,miss,appreciate,mind,advise,suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语.例如:
I hope to visit this place again.我希望能再度访问此地.
⑵动词不定式与名词构成复合宾语时,通常要用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置.例如:
I think it our duty to obey the laws.我认为遵守法律是我们的义务.
三、作补足语
某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语;在被动式中,由于原来的宾语变成了主语,故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语.这类动词常用的有 consider,expect,tell,want,warn,wish等.例如:
They told him not to be late again.他们告诉他不要再迟到了.→He was told not to be late again.
四、作表语
动词不定式往往放在系动词(通常是 be)的后面作表语,而 become,sound,taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式作表语.例如:
To see is to believe.眼见为实.
Your job today is to clean the playground.你今天的工作是打扫操场.
五、作定语
⑴动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语,故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式(例①);如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,该动词不定式要用被动式(例②).例如:
①Do you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有什么事要做吗?
②I am going to Shanghai tomorrow.Do you have anything to be taken there?明天我要去上海.你有什么东西要捎去的吗?
⑵动词不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作,如果动作已发生或正在发生,一般用现在分词作定语.例如:
The man standing there is Li Ming.站在那里的那个人是李明.
六、作状语
⑴动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式.例如:
Come to see me again soon.尽快再来看我.
I trembled to think of it.我一想到那件事就不寒而栗.
You couldn't do that to save your life.你即使为了救自己也不能那样做.
(2)only to do sth.与 only doing sth.都可作表示结果的状语,区别是:only to do sth.表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果,或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作;only doing sth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果.例如:
I worked hard,only to fail at last.我努力工作,结果最后却是失败.
He died,only leaving nothing but debts.他死了,只留下一身债.